Soft and hard consonants (table) - which consonants are always soft and which are hard,

In elementary school, children are introduced to letters and sounds. This is the age when the child already speaks well, but has no particular idea of what speech consists of. Although some mothers and fathers begin to introduce their children to the alphabet as early as preschool age. It is not difficult to explain to a preschooler that there are vowels and consonants. But it is much more difficult for children to understand the difference between hard and soft sounds. But there are some interesting and clever ways to help your baby learn this difference. Moreover, this can be done in a playful way so that the child does not get bored.

However, before you start training, introduce your child to the different organs of the nasopharynx. This is necessary so that your son or daughter understands that these organs must be used to make a particular sound.

Soft and hard sounds in Russian.

What is the best way to explain to a child what the difference is between soft and hard sounds? It is best to start with the child understanding that hardness and softness are inherent only in consonant sounds. While we can only hum vowel sounds. Remember that hardness and softness are not characteristic of them, but they are the ones that affect the quality of the consonant sound. The properties of hard and soft sounds lie precisely in the difference in their pronunciation.

When you pronounce a consonant softly, the middle of your tongue is raised to the roof of your mouth and closes the passage through which the air flow should pass. At the same time, the tip of the tongue moves straight forward towards the teeth. This phenomenon is called palatalization.

Of course, children should not be burdened with such complex information, but parents should know this term. Please note that when we pronounce hard consonants, no palatalization occurs.

First, try to understand this difference yourself. To do this, say for example words where the same sound can be both hard and soft.

Let's try to consider the difference using the word “overgrown” as an example. Please note that when we pronounce the first sound [r'], the tongue confidently rises to the sky. But when we pronounce the second sound [r], we do not strain our tongue so much, except that we only press the tip of the tongue to the palate.

Moms and dads usually easily learn this material, but how can you explain this rule in your hands so that the child can understand it? Here all that remains is to use your imagination, look for interesting stories, simple games that will help a preschooler grasp the very difference between hard and soft sounds.

Paired vowels by hardness/softness		Unpaired consonant sounds by hardness/softness
Solid	Soft	Only hard ones	Only soft
[B]	[B']	[AND]	[H']
[IN]	[IN']	[SH]	[th']
[D]	[D']	[Ts]	[SCH']
[G]	[G']
[Z]	[Z']
[TO]	[TO']
[L]	[L']
[M]	[M']
[N]	[N']
[P]	[P']
[R]	[R']
[WITH]	[WITH']
[T]	[T']
[F]	[F']
[X]	[X']

Adjectives starting with B

fabulous
peremptory
godless
boundless
irrevocable
limitless
bottomless
soulless
ruthless
selfless
shameless
immense
serene
hopeless
unconditional
urgent
undivided
reckless
uncomplaining
rampant
immaculate
insane
irreproachable
unconditional
tireless
inconsolable
hopeless
snow-white
uncompromising
endless
shameless
irrevocable
merciless
boundless
unquestioning
unprecedented
unparalleled
unstoppable
impenetrable
hopeless
sleepless
unscrupulous
shameless
priceless
inhuman
countless
reckless
mad
brilliant
rich
heroic
big
violent
stormy

How to explain to your child the difference between sounds.

Young children perceive any information well if it is presented in a playful way. For example, compose an interesting fairy tale for your baby (or better yet, together with your baby) that will help the child understand what the difference is between hard and soft sounds.

For example, something like:

Once upon a time there were vowels and consonants. They lived amicably and very cheerfully. But it so happened that the letters E, E, I, Yu, I wanted to gain power over other letters and sounds. The letters began to swear and quarrel among themselves. And this quarrel continued for a long time. The letters A, O, U, Y and E did not want to participate in this war; for a long time they did not choose sides and tried to maintain neutrality. Then the vowels decided to use one trick. They decided to ask for help from a soft sign that has no sound of its own at all. But he pits others against each other.

This letter told the main ones where the consonants were hidden, but asked for something in return. So the vowels found the consonants and surrounded them. And in order to avoid trouble, the consonant letters had to agree to everything that the vowels asked for.

So vowels received a lot of privileges. Now they can decide whether consonant sounds are soft or hard. And the soft sign received the same rights. He, too, can now command the defeated letters. However, not all consonants agreed to such rules. The hissing ones, for example, decided that they were now on their own and ran away into the forest. Now most consonants strictly follow the rules of vowels, but some still hide and live by their own laws.

This simple but interesting story will help explain the peculiarities of the relationship between vowels and consonants. But sibilant consonants are worth mentioning right away and, so to speak, adding them to the black list. You can even write “Wanted” at the top and list each letter at the bottom for your little one to remember. Let this hint always be before the eyes of the future student. For example, pin the list on the refrigerator or on his desk. The remaining consonants (those not in the list) now become either soft or hard if they are followed by the letters E, E, Yu, I, I and b. And if the consonants are followed by those that could not choose a side, namely A, O, U, Y and E or another consonant, then the consonant remains firm.

Vowels

Consonants

ABOUT

AND

Kommersant

AND

WITH

SCH

Nouns starting with B

woman
banging
grandma
babbitt
grandma
money
womanizer
grandma
butterfly
butterfly
babr
baboon
granny
granny
granny
grandma
grandmother
womanly
Bavarian
Bavarian
Bavarians
baggage
luggage
trunk
buggy
buggy
baggermeister
baguette
baguette man
baguette maker
gaff
hook
tubercle
bagorchik
rigger
purple
scarlet
rigger
purple
purplishness
scarlet
purple
purplishness
wild rosemary
bergenia
tub
badminton
badminton player
tub
star anise
bases
base
basalt
bazaar
little market
basil
basilica
basing
basing
basis
bazooka
bye
bobak
baybachism
baybachina
baiga
canoe
kayak
kayak
kayaker
kayaker
bike
Bayram
Byronism
riot
bastard
tank
bachelor
grocer
grocery
cormorant
lignum vitae
buoy
sideburn
sideburner
whiskers
beaconman
buoys
tanks
baccarat
baklaga
eggplant
eggplant
cormorant
bigot
tank
bacteria
bacteriologist
bacteriology
bacteriophage
bactericidal
bacterium
bakun
Bakunism
baksheesh
backstay
bakshtov
ball
masquerade ball
balabol
balabon
booth
booth
showman
joker
buffoonery
balalaika
balalaika player
balalaika
troublemaker
gruel
balance
balancer
balance
balancing
balancer
hoodie
hoodie
hoodie
balbera
dunce
idiot
canopy
ballerina
ballerina
ballet dancer
ballet
ballet shoe
ballet shoes
choreographer
ballet
ballet specialist
balletomane
balletomania
balletomaniac
beam
Balkan studies
balkar
Balkar
Balkarka
Balkars
Balkars
balcony
balcony
balcony
point
ballad
balladeer
ballast
ballaster
ballasting
ballista
ballistic
ballistics
ballistocardiography
balloon
spray can
running
vote
balloon
saker falcon
darling
spoiler
pampered girl
pampering
beams
beam
balyk
balychok
balsa
balm
balsam
balsam
embalming
balneologist
balneology
balneotherapy
balustrade
baluster
baluster
baluster
baluster
balusters
bamboo
bamboo
bumper
banality
banality
banana
banana plant
banana truck
bananas
gang
bandage
bandages
banderillero
banderilla
parcel post
parcel post
banjo
bandit
banditry
bandura
bandura player
bandura player
bandit
baths
banyan
bank
jar
bankbrooch
bankbrooch
banquet
banquette
banks
banker
banknotes
banknote
banknotes
ATM
banker
bankrupt
bankruptcy
Banlon
banner
jar
jars
bow
bow
Bantu
Bantustan
jar
bath attendant
bath attendant
bathhouse
banyan
bathhouse
baobab
baptism
Baptist
Baptist
bar
drum
drum
drummer
drummer
little drummer
red mullet
barracks
ram
mutton
lamb
steering wheel
lamb
ramwort
lamb lady
baranta
little ram
junk
junk
flea market
flea dealer
shopkeeper
floundering
lamb
lambs
barbamil
barberry
barberry
watchdog
periwinkle
Barguzin
bard
mess
barge
barex
bas-relief
bas-relief
barette
barrettes
baretter
barge
barge building
barge
baribal
barium
master
barysphere
barite
baritone
baritone player
barich
barque
barge
barkan
barcarolle
longboat
longboat
barquentine
bartender
barmaid
barms
Barnaulka
barograph
pressure chamber
baroque
barometer
baron
Baroness
baronet
baronetcy
barony
baronness
barotherapy
barotrauma
barochka
bargeman
barrage
loitering
barracuda
barrel
barricade
leopard
little leopard
lordship
lordship
badger
badger
badger
little badger
barkhan
dunes
velvet
velvety
marigold
velvety
marigold
velvet
young gentleman
Barchuk
corvee
huckster
lady
lady
profit
dealer
profiteering
young lady
barrier
hurdler
hurdler
barrier
bass
fable
fable
bassist
bass
Basque
Basque
Baskak
basketball
basketball player
basketball player
Basque
Basconque
Basma
Basmach
Basmachism
fables
fabulist
fable
fables
fable
bassiness
Basque
bason
pool
bastard
bastion
basturma
striking
striker
Basurman
Basurmanka
bass
battle artist
battle
battalion
battalion
battery
battery
sweet potato
my friend
batial
bathyplane
bathyscaphe
batiste
bathysphere
Batman
batch file
batog
loaf
bathometer
loaf
bar
farmhand
farm labor
farmhand
farmhand
butterfly
trampoline
hero
warrior
dad
dad
father
dad
trunk
little bag
banging
bragging
brag
boasting
shoe cover
shoe covers
fringe
fringe
bakhta
bakhtarma
Bacchus
melon
melon grower
melon grower
melon growing
melons
bacillus
bacillary carrier
tanks
tank
turret
head
Bashkir
Bashkir
Bashkir
Bashkirs
Bashkirs
braininess
hood
cap
shoe
shoes
shoes
shoemaker
shoe
tower
tower
chestnut
cradling
bayadere
Bayadère
accordion
accordionist
button accordion player

How to record soft and hard sounds

In transcription, soft consonants are indicated by adding the sign '. This sign is called an apostrophe. For example, the hard sound [p] remains this way, but the soft sound will look like this [p'].

It is not difficult. Once you are done explaining the theory, you can start practicing. Have your child complete a simple task. For example, write down a few words and ask your son or daughter to choose only those with soft sounds. And then let him make a transcription with an apostrophe. Do several of these exercises with your child, and he will definitely remember how a soft consonant is indicated and how to find it in words.

Verbs starting with B

turn purple
Run for office
Pamper
Indulge
Embalm
Drum
Flounder
Barricade
To lord it over
Basit
Strike
Labor
Run
Becoming poor
Smoking
to be in poverty
Run
Sit back
To commit lawlessness
Go crazy
turn white
Whitewash
to irritate
Protect
Chat
Enrage
Get mad
Rage
Worry
To be dissolute
Disgrace
Shameless
Dishonor
Rage
Bandage
encore
Beat
Fight
Favor
be in awe
Thank
Prosper
be grateful
Favor
Bless
Fragrance
Blissful
turn pale
Fade
Shine
Shine
Bleat
Shine
Block
Wander
Get rich
Worship
Butt
Invigorate
Cheer up
stay awake
Swear
Box
Get sick
Chat
Hang out
Bombard
Bomb
Mumble
Harrow
fight
Fight
Afraid
Scold
Scold
Take
take on
To rave
Disdain
Glimpse
Strum
Bresti
Shave
To shave
To roam
Wander
wander
Bronze
To book
Throw
Rush up
Splash
Splash
Sprinkle
Grumble
rattle
Rumble
Mumble
Wake up
excite
Go on a rampage
Flounder about
Gurgle
Rebel
Drill
Buran
Buret
Drill
Seethe
Mutter
Thump
Thump
Rage
Rowdy
happen
To be
Be

Classification of sounds by hardness and softness.

15 consonant letters in the Russian language form pairs of sounds based on hardness and softness. We include the following consonants among them: B, V, G, D, Z, L, M, N, R, P, F, K, T, S and X. From these letters, form the corresponding pairs of hard and soft [b ]—[b'], [c] – [c'], [d] – [g'], [d] – [d'], [z] – [z'], [p] – [p' ], [f] - [f'], [k] - [k'], [t] - [t'], [s] - [s']. These are all paired sounds. They form pairs based on deafness and voicedness. And the remaining sounds [l] - [l'], [m] - [m'], [n] - [n'], [r] - [r'], [x] - [x'] - respectively, without a pair, because they do not have a pair in terms of voicedness and deafness.

Paired consonants
Solid		Soft
Voiced	Deaf
[B], [V], [D], [D], [F], [H]	[P], [F], [K], [T], [W], [S]	[B'], [B'], [K'], [D'], [Z']	[P'], [F'], [K'], [T'], [S']

Unpaired consonants
Solid		Soft
Voiced	Deaf
[L], [M], [N], [R]	[X], [C]	[L'], [M'], [N'], [P'], [Y']	[Х'], [Ч'], [Ш']

Hissing
[W'], [H'], [Sh'], [W']

4 letter words starting with B

Woman
Base
Point
Bank
Bow
Bath
Barque
Leopard
Dad
Baul
Accordion
Trouble
Meringue
Beli
Oddity
beat
Bandage
Bat
Beat
Blat
Bluff
Near
Blik
Crap
Blitz
Block
Fornication
Beaver
Fighter
God
Boxing
Bolt
Pain
Bonds
Board
Borsch
Boss
Marriage
Brother
Rave
Breeze
Ford
Bromine
timber
Buza
Buka
Riot
Storm
Busa
Beads
Was
True story
Be
The Bureau
Bust
Calico

Sounds that constantly maintain hardness and softness.

As soon as the child has mastered paired hard and soft sounds, begin to introduce him to those rebels who do not obey the general rule. Tell him that the sounds Y, CH, Shch can only be soft, and Ts, Zh and Sh are denoted in transcription without an apostrophe, which means they are hard. These letters do not obey the general rule and wage their own silent war, no matter what letter follows them.

Some children find it easier to learn information visually rather than auditorily. Parents may need to look for primers with tables where all letter classifications are clearly presented. If you can’t find it in the primer, you can find the table on the Internet. So at least all the information will not seem like gobbledygook to the child. But the baby will definitely learn all the material if the parents help him and give clear explanations on the new material. And if you hang these diagrams and tables in a visible place, for example, on the refrigerator or at the child’s workplace, then the rules will be remembered even faster. And the future student will be able to view the material at any convenient time.

Words starting with the letter B (at the beginning of the word)

Bow, bank, woman, banana, tank, fable, tower, bank, loaf, button accordion, balcony, ram, drum, luggage, steering wheel, butterfly, beam, hook, baguette, grandmother, ballet, fear, fight, beard, beaver, bamboo, wild rosemary, tub, base, bazaar, bike, buoy, cormorant, eggplant, bacterium, ball, booth, ballad, pamper, balm, gang, bandit, banquet, banker, bathhouse, barracks, bagel, mutton, lamb, barge, master, leopard, velvet, lady, bass, trampoline, father, battery, shoe.

Bob, side, fight, boxing, boron, pain, hurt, bolt, board, borscht, barrel, bomb, bobik, bobrik, vigorous, godly, lively, massacre, more, cooper, bonna, greyhound, hog, beekeeper, boots, Bosun, scared.

Tambourine, donut, mumble, bugay, mound, will, will, wake up, alarm clock, booth, everyday life, as if, future, elderberry, buffalo, violent, beech, beech, bug, letter primer, bouquet, second-hand bookseller, booklet, tug, pin , damask steel, bun, bakery, baker, cobblestone, boulevard, bulldog, gurgle, broth, boom, paper, wallet, bunker, boomerang, riot, drill, blizzard, bottle, buffet, loaf.

To happen, bull, epic, true story, quickly, speed, life, being, to be, bullish, bullish.

Voiced and voiced sounds

In addition to the fact that consonant sounds can be hard and soft, they are also divided into voiced and voiceless. Tell your child that voiced sounds consist of voice and noise, while deaf sounds consist of only noise.

Write down and pronounce first the unvoiced sounds - [K], [P], [X], [C], [Ch], [S], [T], [F], [Sh], [Sh]. And then study the voiced ones together - [B], [G], [D], [F], [Z], [V], [Y], [L], [M], [N], [R] .

Of course, just writing out and studying sounds is quite boring. Older children will be able to sit still while learning these rules. And for very young curiosity seekers, you can show the following suggestions:

“The Lion and the Toad Have Many Friends.” In this sentence all consonants are voiced.
“Styopka, do you want a cheek? - Ugh!" But here, on the contrary, every consonant sound is dull.

These sentences are not at all difficult to memorize. They will help the baby classify consonants into voiced and voiceless.

Paired consonants		Unpaired consonants
Voiced	Deaf	Only voiced	Only the deaf
[B], [B']	[P], [P']	[th]	[X], [X']
[B], [B']	[F], [F']	[L], [L']	[SCH']
[G], [G']	[K], [K']	[MM']	[Ts]
[D], [D']	[T], [T']	[N], [N']	[H']
[AND]	[SH]	[P], [P']
[Z], [Z']	[С], [С']

5 letter words starting with B

Eyebrow Buffer Babka Bando Basok Bacon Exchange Bochar Budni Beam Baron Running Tusks Blank Hog Tambourine Burav Byle Bazaar Barge Bakhcha Linen Cueballs of God More Burda Goby Baken Barich Baska Beret Bityug Scolding Booth Burki Ballet Barmy Vigil Bivouak Blazh Fighter Shave Boukle Butuz Gang Fable Snipe Bean Dish Tops Belly Bulk Former Tub Barda Trampoline White Battle Bozhba Brada Will Burka Buvar Balda Barka Tower Concrete Blago Sideways Bordeaux Breach Bouquet Boots Banana Basma Beika Ticket Blouse Tramp Pants Bun Cattle Bagor Ram Baton Protein Beads Bogach Braga Bugor Glass Bonna Burden Letter Bud Balyk Peplum Thigh Bison Flea Barefoot Bark Bulat Bay Baguette Barak Batog Squirrel Biryuk Bobik Bravo Bugai Buran Bytie Bike Barin Tank Shore Broken Slaughterhouse Bomb Take Like Brown Barysh Runner Can Shine Bort Armor Buksa Buffet Luggage Can Basta Belek Tag Beaver Barrel Tambourines Burak Genesis Basis Barium Tank Belyak Beatles