Speech therapist's advice to parents of preschoolersconsultation on the topic

Article:

Your child has grown up and is beginning to learn speech with interest.
First he tries to pronounce simple words: “ma-ma”, “pa-pa”, “cat”, “give”, etc. Then - combine them into phrases: “mom give”, “I’m thirsty”, “let’s go for a walk” ", etc. But many of the baby’s words and phrases are not clear to you. A child cannot pronounce some sounds correctly due to his age or due to incorrect perception. It is at this time that your beloved child needs your help.

At what stage does a child need help from his parents? How to help your baby pronounce words correctly? How to do this so as not to cause harm? The answers to all these questions will be below.

When and how to develop a child’s speech?

Many parents do not know when to address their child’s speech. After all, most of the time he is in kindergarten, in developmental classes, in a sports section or club. But it is the parents who, voluntarily or involuntarily, most significantly influence the formation and quality of the child’s speech. And the main thing that parents should do is not to let the process of their child’s speech activity take its course.

Lessons with your child at home should never take place in the form of a lesson - play and have fun, engage the child. You can use any toys (especially your favorite ones) or board games that you have on hand. There is no need to purchase anything special for homework. The child will happily immerse himself in the world of fairy tales with his toy friends and will enthusiastically complete all speech therapy exercises and tasks. Make sure that exercises that help with speech development bring joy and pleasure. Then the baby will look forward to such activities with you.

And remember the main thing: to get results, classes must be regular, and not occasionally.

Here are some tips from a speech therapist to help develop your child’s speech:

1. Constantly voice your actions . From the moment the baby is born, parents (especially the mother) spend most of their time with him. The child grows and observes those around him. Try to accompany all your actions with comments, voice out loud everything you do. For example: “I wash the dishes”, “I sweep the floor”, etc. Also tell the baby what surrounds him, what he sees. For example: “This is the sky”, “This is a cat”, “This is a tree”, “This is a car”, etc. It is clear that as the child’s speech develops, this exercise can be stopped - he will tell you everything himself))

1. Eliminate “lisping” and “childish” speech . No one argues that your baby is the cutest and most beautiful in the whole wide world. I just want to pronounce all the words as sweetly as the child himself. But doing this is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. Because the baby should hear only pure and correct speech. Why is this necessary? This is necessary so that the child correctly assimilates and remembers what he hears and tries to apply it in his speech.

1. Draw your child’s attention to the sounds that are heard outside the window, on the street, in another room, on TV, etc. For example: “Listen! Do you hear? It’s the cat meowing outside the window.” “What is that sound? It's a car honking! How does the car honk? B.B." “What is that noise? This is water pouring from the tap.” “What is that knocking? This is uncle hammering a nail,” etc. Repeat the sounds you heard with your baby. Of course, you need to smile at the same time, since positive emotions will help you better remember a number of sounds and the associations that this sound evokes.

1. Be sure to ask your child questions. And everywhere and always - when you walk or read a book, when you build sand castles or draw together, when you stand at a bus stop or come to visit... For example: “Where did we leave the bear?”, “What is the boy doing?”, “What did that drive by?” past?”, “What color is this shoulder blade?” Such questions will encourage your baby to give you an answer. And then he will have a desire to continue the dialogue. If your child doesn't know the correct answer, help him. Give the correct answer for him. In this way, you will offer your child a sample answer to the question asked, and in the future he will use it in dialogue with you, and then, most likely, he will come up with his own version.

1. Use educational games. When purchasing or choosing a game, make sure it has a lot of descriptive elements. For example, the game “Color and Shape” is good for this - in it you need to collect figures of the same color or shape. In this game, the child, of course, can assemble everything correctly and silently, but we have a different goal - to make the baby speak. Ask him: “What color is this object?” Or “What shape is this object?” “Why did you put this picture here?” etc. Also use games that develop memory and attention. For example, the game “What’s missing?” or “What’s extra?” The use of such educational games should be systematic: try to devote at least a little time to classes, but every day.

1. Try to develop your child's speech using definitions of objects . When your child says a word, add a description or characteristics of that word. For example: “cat” - fluffy, white; “watch” - father’s wristwatch; “cup” - small, yellow, hot, etc. This will help the child quickly understand the signs by which objects are characterized and learn the boundaries of personality - the understanding that each object belongs to someone will develop the child’s understanding of world.

1. Read poems by heart and out loud from books. Rhyming lines develop the child's auditory perception, as well as a sense of rhythm. To begin with, choose verses in which each line requires a simple continuation in rhyme. For example: “The owner abandoned the bunny, he was left in the rain...”. By reading poetry together, you will also develop your child’s logical thinking. When the child is already good at speaking in phrases of several words, then teach him simple rhymes.

1. Try to speak clearly, intelligibly, understandably . When you talk to a child, try to pronounce all words especially clearly, correctly and slowly, with accentuated intonation, so that the baby understands when he is asked a question and when he is told something. Remember that a child needs more time than an adult to process the information received. Pause after a question or story for your child to accept the information, process it and ask a question or answer yours.

1. Retell what you read! Read fairy tales and stories to your child. As mentioned earlier, this activity develops auditory perception. It is also very useful to retell what you heard, for example, a fairy tale that your mother read. Retellings will help form the lexical and grammatical structure of the child’s speech: agreement of words in gender, number, case, correct use of prepositions and conjunctions, etc.

1. Compose yourself and together with your baby ! It is very useful to compose stories based on pictures with a certain plot. Tell your child what is shown in the pictures, and then ask them to figure out how the story will end. This is how both the child’s speech and imagination develop. If your child finds it difficult to continue the story, ask him leading questions. He will easily continue the story thanks to your help.

1. Play with your fingers! Pay attention to the development of fine motor skills - precise movements of the fingers. Modeling, drawing, finger theater, playing with small objects - all this will help speech, and in the future, writing. The child should work as much as possible with his naughty fingers. No matter how tedious it may seem to you, let the baby button his own buttons, lace his shoes, and roll up his sleeves. Moreover, it is better for a child to start training not on his own clothes, but first to “help” dolls and even parents get dressed. And as children's fingers become more agile, the tongue will pronounce difficult words more clearly.

1. Train constantly! Even if your child is studying with a speech therapist, be sure to reinforce all classes at home. This will help achieve the desired result in the shortest possible time, and will also instill in the child confidence in his abilities and a desire to speak and communicate.

By following these simple rules, you will help your child develop his speech, become more successful and self-confident! Good luck! Communicate with pleasure and let people understand you!

Working with parents

Working with non-verbal children begins with their parents. And they have different attitudes to this situation. Some do not see a problem in the fact that a child of 2.5 years is silent... Indeed, many children begin to speak after 2.5-3 years. But such a delay in itself should already alert you: it means that there are some, albeit minimal, changes in development.

Other parents, on the contrary, read a lot, look for a way out of the situation, but, strictly following the advice, cannot or do not want to admit that all children have different starting opportunities, and are surprised: I do everything as recommended: I don’t babysit, I speak in full words , I read a lot, I put on audio cassettes to listen to. And he is still silent. Such parents have to explain that they are rewarding their child with backbreaking work. Yes, one baby will stand on his feet and easily stomp on his own, without outside help, while the other will walk along the wall for a long time, and he will have to specially shape and correct his gait. It's the same with speech. If a parent sees that a child is not coping, he should help him and make the task easier. Some people are sincerely surprised by the advice to use onomatopoeia, babbling words kuk-ku, bi-bi, bye-bye when communicating with a child: “What are you talking about, we did this when he was a year old, now we only say “car, towel.”

Methods for developing coherent speech

Coherent speech is a statement that carries a certain meaning. Speech should be clear and logical. The formation of coherent speech is influenced by the environment. The child’s thinking develops and the child’s speech gradually improves. In preschool children, coherent speech is formed under the guidance of adults.

From an early age, the child begins to understand words and their meanings, but this does not happen immediately. By the end of the first year of life, the child is able to put together a phrase of two words, and somewhat later of three or more words. The longer the phrase, the more difficult it is for children to understand. By the age of five, children are already able to retell simple stories, tell fairy tales and construct sentences of 5-8 words.

A child’s speech in preschool age is situational and contains, in addition to words, facial expressions and gestures. In the future, speech becomes more coherent, developed and correct. The transition to a coherent presentation is manifested in stories about some significant event that occurred in the child’s life. The development of speech depends on the nature of communication with others.

The main methods for developing coherent speech are identified:

• conversation or conversation with children of middle and senior preschool age. In a conversation, it is important to ask problematic questions: “How?”, “Why?”, “Why?”.
• development of monologue speech in children - a child’s creative story about himself or about some event that happened to him.
• the child’s retelling of the text he heard (these could be stories about the past day in the garden, at a party, about a walk with friends, etc.).
• comparative description of objects, paintings.

It is necessary to add adjectives to the child’s story, introduce details and parts of objects into speech, and ask questions that require a detailed answer. Questions must be asked clearly and legibly. Parents and teachers can offer their child a rough answer plan. The question must be structured in such a way that the child understands it the first time. During the conversation, you must try to arouse the child’s interest, awaken his activity and desire to answer questions. The ability to win over the baby will be important.

Recommendations from a speech therapist

If you cannot correct the pronunciation of sounds on your own, you can seek the help of a specialist. Speech therapy problems of a child must be detected in time. This may be incorrect sound pronunciation, poor, meager vocabulary, incoherent speech, stuttering. Parents should be alert if the child is not active, depressed or worried about something, does not play with other children and replaces simple words with monosyllabic sounds. In such a situation, you need to contact a specialist as soon as possible.

There is no need to pin your hopes on getting rid of incorrect pronunciation and correcting speech defects with age on your own. The more time passes, the more all the disorders can become entrenched and the more difficult it will be to work on correcting speech defects. But one should not make excessive demands on the correct pronunciation, since some sounds can only be pronounced at a certain age. For example, it rarely happens that at 3 years old a child pronounces the sound R fluently.

At the age of 2-3 years, a baby's vocabulary is about 1000 words. By the age of four, a child’s speech should be more developed. The vocabulary at this age is approximately 2000 words. In order to timely diagnose the presence of a problem, parents should undergo an annual examination by a speech therapist together with their child. It is necessary, first of all, to exclude hearing impairment in the baby, and also to correct the bite or remove the adenoids in a timely manner, if such problems occur.

The homework assignments of the speech therapist must be strictly completed and the schedule for attending the speech therapist’s classes must be followed. In case of serious disorders, it is better to promptly assign the child to a speech therapy group.

Speech therapists recommend developing the jaw muscles and tongue by doing special articular exercises. You can chew bulky solid food, puff out your cheeks, blow soap bubbles, etc. Breathing exercises are very useful. Children's books should be read aloud to your child every day. Answer your child’s questions patiently and thoroughly, talk to him more often on any topics that interest him. It is effective for the development of speech to engage in modeling, appliqué, drawing, and other types of development of fine motor skills in children. All this has a beneficial effect on the development of the baby’s speech apparatus.

At the age of a child from four to five years old, the pronunciation of sounds should be corrected, with the exception of the sound “r”. A child should be able to pronounce it by the age of six. When working with a speech therapist, you should not interrupt classes at the initial stage as soon as you notice improvements. Otherwise, your pronunciation skill may be lost and you will have to start all over again.