Delayed psycho-speech development (DSRD) of a child: causes and symptoms

Psychospeech development delay (PSRD) is a group of disorders that are united by clinical symptoms of delayed development of speech and psyche. These include expressive and receptive speech disorders, unspecified diagnoses, as well as mixed specific disorders in the field of human psychological development (specific disorders of speech development, school skills, motor functions without a predominance of one of the symptoms to be able to make an accurate diagnosis).

They are usually associated with atypical functioning of the central nervous system, which ultimately leads to changes in the pace of all mental development and affects the following components:

memory;
attention;
thinking;
speech;
emotional-volitional sphere;
behavior.

Delayed psycho-speech development is not synonymous with a child’s mental retardation. The key difference is that mental retardation can be corrected and compensated for, while mental retardation cannot be corrected. Difficulties may arise if you do not contact a specialist in a timely manner, because... speech problems and cognitive deficits are steadily increasing.

ZPRD syndrome is determined by a doctor (psychiatrist, neurologist) based on the symptoms present. After determining the type of psycho-speech delay, an individual correction plan is developed, as well as a possible referral to a specialized kindergarten, school or development group (if we are talking about a combined institution).

What is ZPRR

Delayed mental speech development of a child is a disease in which he lags behind age norms in his psycho-emotional development. Characterized by speech dysfunction, behavioral disorders, emotional disorders - rigidity or lability. Some children also experience motor dysfunction.

Develops against the background of diseases of the brain or central nervous system. On the one hand, a special neurological status can cause a delay in the development of the psyche and speech, on the other hand, the pathology itself negatively affects mental development.

Child doesn't speak? The child does not speak much - he needs treatment!

If your child does not speak , says few words, or speech development lags behind children of the same age, speech is slurred, if the child’s mental behavior differs from the behavior of other children, if there are learning problems, the child has poor memory (decreased memory), poor speech (poor or speaks little, does not speak), decreased intelligence, poor assimilation of educational material, hysterics (hysterical manifestations), the child does not remember well, restless, aggressive, whiny, hyperactive , then contact Sarklinik. Sarklinik will provide the necessary comprehensive treatment for children (boys and girls), infants, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents using effective hardware and non-hardware methods.

Causes of delayed mental speech development of a child

There are many factors that can trigger the disease. They can be divided into groups:

Intrauterine development. Hypoxia, fetal infections. Its development after birth is influenced by illnesses and injuries that the mother suffered during pregnancy.
Complicated childbirth. Traumatic, premature or rapid birth, entanglement.
Diseases in the first year of life. Neuroinfections, brain injuries.
Genetic factors. Chromosomal abnormalities and heredity - the disease tends to worsen in the next generation.

Delayed mental speech development of a child may occur against the background of diseases that disrupt the functioning of the brain. These include: congenital diseases of the central nervous system, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, brain tumors, disorders of the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.

As a rule, parents learn about the situations listed above - congenital disorders, primary diseases and injuries - immediately and provide assistance to their child - they undergo treatment and rehabilitation courses.

But there are situations when a child is born physically and mentally healthy, grows and develops in accordance with age norms. And then suddenly he is diagnosed with SPD. Social factors can contribute to this : overprotection or, conversely, cruelty, violence or indifference towards the child, severe psychological trauma, unfavorable psychological climate in the family.

Symptoms of mental retardation of speech

A young patient will not be officially diagnosed until 4 or even 5 years old. But the first prerequisites can be noticed even in the first months of a newborn’s life. If a violation is suspected, the pediatrician will definitely ask the parents leading questions - and based on the information received, he can already assume a delay in the mental development of speech.

Here are the signs by which you can suspect him.

At 4 months, the baby does not smile, ignores the parents’ verbal address to him, their gestures and facial expressions;
At 8 months the baby does not try to repeat words using sounds, and at 12 months he is verbally passive;
At 1.5 years old, he does not understand the meaning of simple words, does not respond to his name, does not formulate requests at a primitive level (“give”), does not chew;
At 2 years old he knows very few words and does not learn new ones, and later his vocabulary contains no more than 20 words, there is no simple phrasal speech;
A three-year-old child does not speak in sentences, “swallows” endings, speaks slowly, draws out sounds, does not conduct a dialogue - instead of answering, he repeats the question asked.

Parents should pay attention to other signs that accompany the disorder. So, if a child is hyperactive, aggressive, inattentive, has difficulty remembering new things, has a poor imagination and emotions, is uncommunicative, and physically weak - all this should alert parents and become a reason to contact a pediatrician.

When should parents start worrying about language and speech delays in their child?

It takes time for a child to learn to speak like an adult. All young children make at least some speech errors during their development. But when should parents start worrying? It is estimated that unfamiliar adults should understand about 80% of the speech of a typically developing 3-year-old child. By the age of four, children should be able to speak like this. so that unfamiliar adults fully understand their speech.

Here are some rules of thumb for when to see a speech therapist:

your child is 3 years old (or older) and adults cannot understand most of what he or she says;
your child's speech receives negative attention from peers or others, such as ridicule or bullying at preschool;
your child is 4 years old and cannot be fully understood by unfamiliar adults;
your child's teacher or teacher is concerned about your child's communication skills;
For some other reason you are concerned about your child's communication skills.

Methods for diagnosing pathology

Diagnosis is approached in a comprehensive manner. This means that a small patient is examined by different specialists - a pediatrician, an otolaryngologist, a neurologist, a speech therapist. In addition to collecting an anamnesis, examining and assessing the child’s health, he is sent for hardware diagnostics. This is necessary because, against the background of ZPRD, organic matter changes, in particular, the work of the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for the development of speech, is disrupted. Therefore, the final diagnosis is made based on the results of examinations - EEG, computed tomography, evoked potentials technique.

After diagnosis, comprehensive treatment begins. A neurologist, psychologist, speech therapist, and reflexologist take part in it. Parents play a huge role - without them it is impossible to achieve success.

How to treat children with RRD, ZPR, ZPRR, VMTMR in Saratov, in Russia

Since the beginning of work at Sarklinik, 4,726 children with mental retardation, mental retardation, mental retardation, and vegetative retardation have undergone comprehensive treatment. Sarklinik knows how to treat delayed speech development in a child, how to treat delayed psycho-speech development in children , ZRR, ZPR, ZPRR, ZPMR, how to cure ZPR, ZPR, ZPRR, ZPMR, ZNPRR, how to get rid of developmental delay in boys and girls. Treatment methods have proven themselves over many years. Mild, moderate, and severe delays in psycho-speech development are treated. Sarclinic works with serious diagnoses, when parents have less and less hope for recovery. Unfortunately, in such cases, as a rule, multiple courses of complex treatment are required, as a result of which memory, thinking, speech, and motor areas are improved. Recommendations are also given to parents on further rehabilitation of children. Children are treated: 3 months, 4 months, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 months, aged 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 – 16 years. On the medical website sarclinic.ru you can read patient reviews for free online to the doctor.

Comprehensive rehabilitation! Is your child developmentally delayed? Contact Sarklinik!

Photo: (©) Mb2006 | Dreamstime.com \ Dreamstock.ru The people depicted in the photo are models, do not suffer from the diseases described and/or all similarities are excluded.

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Comprehensive treatment of the disease

The longer the baby does not speak, the longer his mental development “slows down.” Therefore, it is necessary to begin treatment for delayed mental development of speech as early as possible. Various methods are used.

Microcurrent treatment

The reflexologist applies an ultra-low current to the bioactive points of the brain that are associated with speech. This helps restore damaged areas of the central nervous system. You can start reflexology as early as six months old babies. As a rule, a course of 10–12 sessions is prescribed, and after 2.5 months it is repeated.

Transcranial micropolarization

The physiotherapy procedure consists of a targeted effect on certain areas of the brain. As a result, new neural connections are formed in it. The area of the cerebral cortex that needs to be stimulated depends on the problem. The procedure is safe, does not cause adverse reactions and is effective.

Bioacoustic correction for ZPRD

The essence of the method is for the little patient to listen to the electrical signals of his own brain. They are converted through equipment into music - acoustic waves. As a result of such listening, impaired brain functions are restored. The BAC technique combines the latest technologies of music therapy, biofeedback and neurotherapy.

Speech therapy correction of mental retardation

Classes of a speech therapist-defectologist are aimed at developing not only speech, but also thinking, motor skills, and memory. Little patients learn to pronounce sounds correctly, form words, sentences, and speak in phrases. You can study from the age of 2, although in practice speech therapists take children from at least 4 years old. But in the case of delayed mental development of speech, correction should begin as early as possible. At 4 years old, quite a lot of time will have been lost and not all functions will be restored. Therefore, you need to either make an appointment with a speech pathologist-speech pathologist earlier, or begin correctional work with other specialists in their profile.

Speech therapy massage is also useful - it strengthens and stimulates the chewing and facial muscles. As a result, it becomes easier for the baby to pronounce sounds and syllables.

Drug therapy for PVRD

Medicines are prescribed by a pediatric neurologist after hardware diagnostics. Therapy is selected depending on the pathology. As a rule, these are nootropic drugs - Cortexin, Actovegin, Encephabol and their analogues.

Alternative correction methods

Additional methods can be connected:

Consultations with a child psychologist. They are effective if a delay in the child’s mental speech development occurs against the background of an unfavorable climate in the family, psychological trauma, or errors in upbringing. Play, music, and art therapy work well with young patients;
Osteopathy. By manually influencing certain areas, the doctor balances the functioning of the nervous system and psyche, and activates the speech centers of the brain. This is an effective direction; experienced osteopaths literally work wonders;
Dolphin therapy. The method is more common in Europe and the USA. It relaxes the nervous system, but has proven itself, for example, as part of the treatment of autism (and they also lag behind in mental and speech development).

As part of the main treatment, the listed auxiliary techniques give very good results. Discuss with your doctor (pediatrician or neurologist) whether it is worth connecting them in your case.

Language-based speech disorders

The most common type of speech sound disorder is what is called a “phonological disorder,” which means that the child has a time delay, difficulty, or problem with speech. It is important to know that this type of disorder is associated with language impairment. This condition is more common in boys than girls. Children with phonological problems typically have error patterns called “phonological processes,” for example, they may miss weak syllables, sounds in consonant clusters, or final sounds in words, or they may change sounds. Most children with unclear speech suffer from a similar speech disorder.

The role of parents in the treatment of SPD

Without the participation of mom and dad, even the best specialist will not be able to cure their child. Their task is to follow all doctors’ recommendations. For example, doing exercises at home to develop fine and gross motor skills, playing outdoor games, listening to and guessing musical instruments, putting together puzzles, constantly talking to the child - only with such comprehensive work of doctors and parents can he be helped.

Another important point. Do not replace verbal communication with TV and smartphone. The speech your child hears on TV or from cartoons interferes with the formation of his own speech. His passive vocabulary will be good, but his active vocabulary will not. “Mechanical” voices activate the right hemisphere when the left hemisphere is responsible for speech formation. Thus, gadgets inhibit speech development and provoke mental retardation, which, in turn, can lead to a delay in the mental development of speech. Therefore, it is better not to turn on the TV, radio, tablets and other devices at all in front of your child.

Spend more time with your son or daughter, go out into nature - this helps improve your psycho-emotional state.

Children's mental problems, age 7-11 years

Attention deficit, hyperactivity, restlessness

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common disorder that leads to school maladjustment. Such a child cannot sit still and concentrate on something for a long time. He is in constant motion, fussy, restless, too mobile. Even when he sits, he either dangles his legs, or fidgets, or makes movements with his arms, or turns his head in all directions. Teachers constantly receive complaints about inattention, annoying mistakes and violations of discipline. In the end, such a child risks earning the dislike of the teacher, who may consider him simply poorly mannered. The disorder is extremely disturbing for a child of school age, do not delay in seeing a doctor!

School failure

There can be many reasons for school failure. These include temperamental characteristics (slowness, sluggishness of reaction), and uncompensated mental development delays, and weak motivation to study, and increased fatigue or satiety, and attention deficit disorder, and much more. Often a child “accumulates” failure, and it is difficult for him to change the formed stereotype. And sometimes there is banal pedagogical neglect - the result of neglected gaps in knowledge and insufficient control on the part of the family. A child psychiatrist will help you figure out whether your case requires specialist intervention.

Conflicts, difficulties of adaptation in the school community

Difficulties in adaptation can be experienced by a strong child striving for leadership, who is too suppressive of his peers and causes rejection from them, and by a timid excellent student who does not know how to stand up for himself. In any case, the situation when a child feels that he is not loved and has no friends is extremely traumatic for him. Consult a child psychiatrist regarding the nature of the difficulties and seek help from a psychologist.

Fears and anxieties of primary school age

Fears are a common phenomenon in childhood. What should be alarming is their intensity (for example, he is so afraid of dogs that he does not go outside at all), the unusual nature of the plot of fear (he is afraid of the gap behind the door, the light of a fire alarm, men with mustaches on the street). A normal fear of the dark may indicate a disorder if the child points to something that is not there (“there are jellyfish on the ceiling”) or looks at a certain place as intently as if he sees something. At school age, there are very complex fears: germs, pollution, contamination, while the child washes his hands for a long time, or poisoning (he looks closely at food, refuses to eat). At this age, fears for one’s own health or the health and life of loved ones may already appear (“I’m afraid that my mother will get sick and die”). School is a breeding ground for so-called social phobias: a child is afraid of answering questions at the board, speaking, afraid of forgetting a poem or making a mistake, or causing ridicule from peers with some ridiculous statement. Sometimes this leads to total school phobia: the child is afraid and refuses to go to school. Of course, we judge the commonality and unusualness of fear with a large degree of subjectivity. The doctor will help dispel your anxiety and clarify the nature of the child’s experiences.

Stuttering and Tics

At this stage of development, so-called monosymptomatic neuroses - tics, stuttering, enuresis - may persist. Tics are repetitive movements that initially had a protective function (blinking, brushing bangs), and then became entrenched and lost this function. A child can usually, by an effort of will, delay the repetition of these movements for a while, and then resume them with renewed vigor. Small children are not capable of such effort. In classic cases, the child is burdened by tics, but this may not be the case. If the tics are multiple, including vocal ones (vocalizations, shouting, grunting), one can think of the so-called Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Tics are treatable, in mild cases completely.

Convulsive contraction of the speech motor muscles during speech is called stuttering. It can be caused psychogenically (stress) or indicate organically defective soil in the child, for example, due to an unfavorable pregnancy or childbirth. Stuttering leads to a secondary fear of speech: the child is embarrassed by his defect and is afraid to speak. Stuttering requires a whole range of treatment measures with the participation of a psychiatrist, psychologist, and speech therapist.

Urinary incontinence - enuresis - can be nocturnal (more often) and daytime. Nocturnal enuresis, just like stuttering, can be psychogenic and organically caused; the psychiatrist decides what type of enuresis a given child has. Nocturnal enuresis is usually difficult for the child to tolerate and makes it difficult for him to adapt to a 24-hour group environment. Daytime enuresis usually indicates either more serious mental disorders, developmental delays, or pathology of the urinary system. Encopresis is a special condition when a child, receiving pleasure from holding back feces, soils his laundry. Usually combined with aggressiveness, stubbornness, and greed. You should not be embarrassed or hide these disorders; they are treatable.

Excessive fantasy

It happens that even at school age children continue to fantasize intensely. Fantasies can compensate for some existing deficit, for example, a physically weak child fantasizes about his superman exploits, or indicate an excessive desire to escape reality. The kid from the famous story most likely fantasized about his unusual friend Carlson, but such subtleties as: did he see him, did he hear his voice, did Freken Bok see the Kid talking to someone - a child psychiatrist should find out.

Strange child

Some children stand out from the crowd. Usually they cannot find a common language with their peers, noisy games and fights do not interest them, and few can support their adult “philosophical” conversations. They are often motor clumsy, anxious, and look eccentric. They can keep a variety of experiences within themselves, both ordinary and painful, and not share them with anyone. If you are concerned that your child is different from everyone else, consult a child psychiatrist. This is not about a diagnosis: it doesn’t matter what it’s called, what matters is how to help the child, and it’s possible to do this. By the way, about psychiatric diagnoses: they, unfortunately, are burdened with everyday ideas or are used by the people as offensive labels. Believe me: patients, even with a “severe”, scary-sounding diagnosis, are in fact often much nicer and more successful than many completely healthy representatives of the average norm.

Forecasts and consequences: what to expect?

The effectiveness of treatment depends on many factors. The main ones are the age of the small patient, the severity of the delay in the child’s mental speech development and primary diseases.

Unfortunately, with deep-seated disorders or therapy started in 5-6 year old children, one cannot expect great results. Only in 0.2% of cases out of 100% is it possible that he will start talking. If a child has not mastered speech at the age of 7, he will never speak again.

If the parents turned for help when the baby was 2–3 years old, then there is every chance of a full recovery. In this case, everything depends on the degree of underdevelopment, the participation of parents and the methods used for treatment.

If parents expect that the child will speak on his own sooner or later, they are only wasting time. If this is not the individual pace of development of a particular baby, but really a problem, it will not go away on its own. Against the background of mental and speech underdevelopment, children suffer from poor memory and thinking, perceive and process information distortedly, and cannot concentrate attention. In the future, this leads to changes in personality - the child becomes irritable, closed, uncommunicative, and develops a feeling of inferiority.

Psychology of adolescents, problems of age from 12 to 18 years

Dissatisfaction with one's own appearance, anorexia, bulimia

Adolescence brings with it many new, often painful, experiences. So, a teenager, especially a girl, may begin to dislike her own appearance: she seems too fat, or her nose is not the right shape, or she (him) has an unpleasant smell. Ideas of excessive obesity entail limiting oneself in food, up to exhaustion (anorexia nervosa). Subsequently, girls with anorexia begin to periodically eat huge amounts of food, and then artificially induce vomiting (the stage of bulimia and vomiting behavior). Anorexia is life-threatening! Do not delay contacting a psychiatrist!

Depression, depression, social withdrawal

It is during adolescence that mood disorders, most often depression, first appear. Unreasonable prolonged melancholy, thoughts about one’s own failure, unwillingness to live, decreased general activity, sleep and appetite disturbances are a reason to sound the alarm! Adolescents, unfortunately, represent a group at increased risk of suicide.

Leaving home, wandering

Sometimes teenagers develop an attraction to changing places and wandering. Some of them run away from home, may go to another city, or simply ride public transport all day long. They can spend the night in basements, in the subway, and steal for food. Take such a traveler to a psychiatrist.

Adolescent behavioral problems: conflict, rejection of authority, bad company, early sexual intercourse, sexual deviations

Everyone knows how intractable and difficult previously flexible children become with the onset of adolescence. This should make you happy: the desire to separate from parents, group with peers, imitate idols, oppose one’s own opinion, and stubbornness are normal manifestations of growing up. It is the absence of such changes that should be alarming. But if there is a problem with behavior, the teenager skips school, communicates with asocial companies, is insolent and uncontrollable to such an extent that it seems that he is deliberately mocking and “harassing” his parents, shows signs of perversion of impulses (sadistic manifestations, sexual perversions), - this indicates that that the puberty crisis is pathological and this is a reason to seek help.

Fears for your health, including mental health

And finally, the teenager may have concerns about his health. Cancer, AIDS - all the most terrible diseases can be “discovered” by teenagers, usually against the background of an anxious and depressive mood. Sometimes there is a fear of going crazy. Typically, teenagers do not tell anyone about their fears for a long time. But their presence requires psychotherapeutic help.