Health-saving technologies are a specially organized interaction between children and teachers; a process aimed at ensuring the physical, mental and social well-being of the child.
The issue of introducing health-saving educational technologies into the work of speech therapists is becoming very relevant. Preserving and strengthening the health of children in the process of education and training is one of the most important tasks facing a speech therapist. For children with speech impairments, this is especially significant, since, as a rule, these children are somatically weakened and may have chronic diseases and disorders in the emotional and volitional sphere. Children with general speech underdevelopment are characterized by insufficient development of processes closely related to speech activity, such as auditory-verbal memory and attention, verbal-logical thinking, spatial and temporal orientation, impairment in articulation, fine motor skills and general motor skills. Many children have increased fatigue, rapid exhaustion and emotional lability. Thus, health-saving technologies in speech therapy work can significantly improve the effectiveness of correctional work, diversify the techniques and methods of speech therapy and promote the health of children, because the quality development, education and upbringing of children is impossible without attention to the preservation and promotion of health.
Tasks facing a speech therapist:
1. Increase the effectiveness of the educational process;
2. Preserve and strengthen the health of pupils;
3. Stimulate performance, promote restoration of strength, relieve tension;
4. Create a favorable psycho-emotional atmosphere, support psychological health;
5. Promote a healthy lifestyle.
The following health-saving technologies are used in speech therapy classes:
Breathing exercises
Breathing exercises play a big role in developing correct speech. They develop a long, uniform exhalation, form a strong air stream, train the ability to use air economically during speech, taking into account its addition, and train situational phrasal speech.
In parallel with this speech therapist, a number of health-improving tasks are solved, such as:
- oxygen saturation of the body
— improvement of metabolic processes
- normalization of psycho-emotional state
- increased immunity
Interest in breathing exercises is supported by a combination of visualization, game techniques, poetic forms, and attributes. Breathing exercises at the beginning of the lesson activates attention, reduces excessive emotional and motor activity, creates a positive emotional background, ensuring a smooth transition to the correction process.
Gymnastics for the eyes
A set of exercises aimed at preventing visual impairment, helps relieve tension and relax the eye muscles, strengthens the eye muscles. They also:
-develop concentration
- provide interhemispheric interaction
- develop volitional regulation skills and the ability to control movements
-improves accommodation
Exercises such as “Running lights”, “Sunny bunnies”, etc. during written assignments, after a long visual load, are a good pause for rest, help reduce tension on the eye muscles, and develop visual attention. In combination with tasks on spatial orientation (“Where will the path lead”, etc.) do they help solve another very important problem? development of optical-spatial concepts.
Development of fine motor skills of the hands. (Finger gymnastics)
Fine motor skills and the level of speech development are directly dependent on each other. Therefore, targeted work on the development of hand motor skills directly affects speech development, making it easier for the child to correct speech disorders. Depending on the goal, relaxing, static and dynamic exercises are used. What is important, not only in speech therapy classes, but also in independent activities, these exercises prepare the hand for writing, help relieve tension, especially after prolonged exercise, and develop manual skills.
In speech therapy classes there is a fairly wide range of use of finger and hand games. This is the most convenient type of task at the stage of automating sound pronunciation, allowing you to diversify the work, make it interesting for the child, avoid unnecessary stress, while maintaining interest in the correction process.
When working on the prosodic side of speech, the dialogical form of coherent speech, it is advisable to use small finger toys that create a positive emotional background, help relieve tension in the lesson, stimulate speech activity, introducing elements of theatrical activity into the lesson.
Speech therapy rhythm.
Logorhythmics as a special science is an important component in the correctional work of a speech therapist. It is a unique form of active therapy, a means of influence in a complex of techniques, a synthesis of music, words and movement. It is no coincidence that, along with educational and correctional tasks, health-improving tasks stand out. As a result of solving health-improving tasks, people with speech disorders strengthen the musculoskeletal system, develop breathing, motor, sensory functions, develop a sense of balance, correct posture, gait, grace of movements (G.A. Volkova)
Logorhythmics is useful for children with speech delays, alalia, sound pronunciation disorders, stuttering, and autistic disorders. Speech therapy rhythm is very important for children with so-called speech negativism, since classes create a positive emotional mood for speech, motivation to perform speech therapy exercises, etc.
Self-massage. Su-Jok therapy. Auricolo therapy.
In speech therapy work, new therapeutic and health techniques are becoming increasingly popular, which are quite effective, safe and easy to use, and also successfully complement speech correction work.
According to the concept of microacupuncture systems of the body, on the skin of the ears, palms and soles, all parts of the body and organs are represented, the dysfunction of which leads to disruption of the sensitivity of the corresponding zones on the skin. Massage of these zones allows you to “wake up” inhibited and inhibit excited biologically active points, which significantly affects the general condition of the child.
Stimulation of highly active acupuncture points located on the fingers using various devices (balls, massage balls, prickly rollers, nuts, etc. When stimulating receptors in the muscles, impulses arise that reach the cerebral cortex, tone the central nervous system, resulting in an increased regulatory role in the central nervous system in regarding the functioning of all systems and organs.
The combination of exercises such as self-massage, su-jok therapy, with exercises for correcting sound pronunciation and the formation of lexical and grammatical categories, can significantly increase the effectiveness of correctional speech therapy, increasing physical and mental performance.
The system of influencing the area of the auricles, through a light massage (pressure, rubbing, stroking), has a general strengthening effect, improves blood circulation, stimulates the activity of nerve centers, increases tone, and activates attention. It is most effective to use these exercises in the morning, preceding a speech therapy session.
Kinesiological exercises for the development of interhemispheric interaction
Any mental function is carried out by the joint work of two hemispheres, each of which makes its own personal contribution to the construction of mental processes. Coordination and interaction of the cerebral hemispheres is a necessary condition for the success of any activity. (B.G. Ananyev)
This type of exercise is aimed at the formation and development of interhemispheric interaction, the development of accuracy of finger movement and the ability to switch from one movement to another (“Fist-rib-palm”, “Ear-nose”, “Ring”, “Frog”, “Lock” and etc.). They are equally well suited for working with children with speech pathology and with children without speech disorders, as they solve a number of important problems:
-development of specialization of the cerebral hemispheres;
-synchronization of the cerebral hemispheres;
-development of thinking, memory, attention;
-development of the ability for voluntary control;
-relieving psycho-emotional stress;
In relation to speech therapy work, it is advisable to use this type of exercise to activate attention at the beginning of a lesson, during a change of activity, as well as dynamic pauses or at the end of a lesson, to relieve tension and help the child switch to another type of activity.
In children with OHP, insufficient development of spatial gnosis is often determined; in this case, these exercises are included in the plan of individual work with such children and are given for reinforcement in a group with a teacher.
THAT. health technologies in the educational process are introduced in a health-preserving and health-developing environment that provides a favorable hygienic, psychological and pedagogical environment. Only a complex impact on a child can provide successful dynamics of speech development and social adaptation. The use of health-saving technologies in work increases the effectiveness of the educational process, forms in teachers and parents value orientations aimed at preserving and strengthening health, and creates motivation for a healthy lifestyle.
MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF
Health-saving technologies in the work of a speech therapist teacherIn recent years, a steady trend has emerged towards a significant decline in health indicators and the rate of development of preschool children, which is due to the deterioration of socio-economic and environmental conditions. In this regard, at present, pedagogical technologies that, in addition to the pedagogical effect, involve preserving the health of children are becoming increasingly in demand.
The tendency towards deterioration in the speech of preschool children, a decrease in the level of communication skills (A. G. Arushanova, O. S. Ushakova, T. A. Tkachenko, Yu. V. Fillipova, L. M. Shipitsyna) - all this determines the need increasing knowledge about the importance of correctional and developmental work and speech development in children. Speech therapy work involves the correction of not only speech disorders, but also the personality of children as a whole. Among pupils with problems in speech development, there is a high percentage of those who have problems with the development of gross and fine motor skills, memory, attention, and often thinking. Accordingly, there is a need to carry out comprehensive health-improving and correctional work with these children, which includes muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, articulation exercises, finger exercises, exercises for the development of higher mental functions (attention, memory, thinking), physical education, logarithmics, massage and self-massage .
Well-developed speech is the most important condition for the comprehensive development of children. The richer and more correct a child’s speech, the easier it is for him to express his thoughts, the wider his opportunities for understanding the surrounding reality, the more meaningful and fulfilling his relationships with peers and adults, the more active his mental development is. Attention, memory, thinking, perception, imagination are formed with the direct participation of speech. A modern child in preschool age must master the Russian language system: speak coherently; express your thoughts fully, easily constructing detailed complex sentences; correctly pronounce all sounds, reproduce words with a complex syllable structure. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of children with speech disorders.
Health-saving technologies in speech therapy work can significantly improve the effectiveness of correctional work, diversify the techniques and methods of speech therapy and promote the health of children; high-quality development, education and training of children is impossible without attention to the preservation and promotion of health.
The authors of correctional methods assign a significant role to the development of physiological and speech breathing, which is impaired in children with these speech pathologies (L. S. Volkova, K. P. Buteyko, V. I. Seliverstov, M. E. Khvattsev, A. G. Ippolitova , 3. A. Repina, and others).
In this regard, the issue of introducing health-saving technologies into practice, i.e. such an organization of the educational process in which high-quality training, development and upbringing of children occurs without compromising their health and contributes to its strengthening. New stimuli serve to create a favorable emotional background, contribute to the inclusion of intact mental functions in work and the activation of impaired mental functions.
Based on the above, I set myself the following
Target:
optimize the process of speech correction and ensure the improvement, maintenance and enrichment of children’s health
To achieve this goal in the process of correctional and developmental training, the following tasks are identified and solved:
Develop communication skills, form the phonetic side of speech, teach coherent, grammatically correct speech, prepare children for school;
Create a favorable climate and rational regime for children with speech disorders;
Learn simple techniques to maintain your own health;
Introduce and adapt technologies to the conditions of working with children at a speech therapy center in accordance with individual and age characteristics;
Improve gross and fine motor skills;
Increase the reserve of the respiratory system;
Involve parents in solving the problem of creating a healthy lifestyle.
The use of health-saving technologies in the work of a speech therapist has become a promising means of correctional and developmental work with children with speech disorders. These methods of work are among the effective means of correction, increasingly used in special pedagogy and helping to achieve the greatest possible success in overcoming not only speech difficulties, but also the general health of preschool children.
Health technologies should be introduced into the educational process of kindergartens in a health-preserving and health-developing environment.
The first thing that can be highlighted is the different types of gymnastics:
articulatory, respiratory.
Articulatory gymnastics is a set of special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, developing strength, mobility and differentiation of movements of the organs involved in the speech process.
Regular practice will help:
- improve blood supply to articulatory organs and their innervation (nerve conduction)
- improve the mobility of articulatory organs
- strengthen the muscular system of the tongue, lips, cheeks
- reduce spasticity (tension) of the articulatory organs.
The goal of articulatory gymnastics is to develop correct, complete movements and certain positions of the articulatory organs necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds, and to combine simple movements into complex ones.
Exercises for articulatory gymnastics cannot be selected arbitrarily. It is necessary to provide for those articulatory structures that need to be formed.
Articulation gymnastics includes exercises for training
mobility and switchability of organs, practicing certain positions of the lips, tongue, correct pronunciation of all sounds, and for each sound of a particular group.
Breathing exercises are exercises that promote the development of speech breathing and the formation of a long, directed exhalation.
Breathing exercises are aimed at strengthening the skills of diaphragmatic - speech breathing (it is considered the most correct type of breathing). Work is underway to develop strength, smoothness, and duration of exhalation. In addition to its health value, developing proper breathing is necessary for further work on correcting sound pronunciation. Breathing affects sound pronunciation, articulation and voice development. In addition, breathing exercises have a complex therapeutic effect on the child’s body.
Corrective technologies include: logorhythmics, exercises for the development of fine and gross motor skills, finger games, relaxation and massage, and self-massage.
massage and self-massage - a set of techniques of mechanical, dosed influence in the form of friction, pressure, vibration, carried out directly on the surface of the human body with hands,
I stimulate active points located on the fingers using various devices (balls, massage balls, walnuts, prickly rollers). Manual finger massage is also effective.
self-massage –
Development of fine motor skills.
During correctional classes, I pay special attention to the development of fine motor skills of the fingers, since this type of activity promotes mental and speech development, the development of basic elementary skills, and the formation of graphic skills.
Body movements and speech motor skills have common mechanisms, so the development of fine motor skills of the hands directly affects the development of speech. This is why finger gymnastics has a strong place in my classes with children.
Children with speech delay have poor coordination of fine motor skills of their fingers. And as a result, dysgraphia (writing impairment) may develop. The development of finger movements will, as it were, prepare the platform for the further development of speech.
Development of gross motor skills
Health breaks - physical minutes, are carried out in a playful way in the middle of the lesson. They are aimed at normalizing muscle tone, correcting incorrect postures, memorizing a series of motor acts, and developing speed of reaction to verbal instructions.
Combining speech with certain movements provides a number of benefits for children attending speech therapy classes.
Relaxation is a special method that appeared abroad in the 30-40s. XX century, aimed at relieving muscle and nervous tension using specially selected techniques.
Relaxation is a voluntary or involuntary state of rest, relaxation, associated with complete or partial muscle relaxation.
Logorhythmics is a widely known and effective technology. As a result of the use of logorhythmic exercises, the expressiveness of movements, rhythm, clarity, smoothness, and unity improves. This is a system of motor exercises in which movements of the arms, legs, head, and body are combined with the pronunciation of speech material. All exercises are aimed at normalizing speech breathing, developing the ability to change the strength and pitch of the voice, correct pronunciation of sounds and their combinations, and the ability to regulate the tempo of speech.
Literature:
- Budennaya T.V. "Speech therapy gymnastics" . – St. Petersburg, 2003.
- Gavryuchina L.V. "Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions" . – M.: TC Sfera, 2006
- Gomzyak O.S. “An integrated approach to overcoming ODD in preschool children . – M., 2009
- Kuznetsova S.V., E.V. Kotova, T.A. Romanov “System of working with narrow specialists of preschool educational institutions . – M.: Sfera shopping center, 2008.
- Kartushina M.Yu. "Logorhythmic activities in kindergarten" . - M., 2004.
- Malgavko N.V. “Health-saving technologies in working with children with special needs” - Journal “Speech therapist” , 2012- No. 1.
- Nishcheva N. V. “The system of correctional work in a speech therapy group for children with general speech underdevelopment . – St. Petersburg, 2003
- Pozhilenko E.A. “Articulation gymnastics. Methodological recommendations for the development of motor skills, breathing and voice in preschool children . – St. Petersburg, KARO, 2007.
- Panferova I.V. "Health-saving technologies in speech therapy practice" . - Magazine "Speech therapist" , 2011 - No. 2.
- Panferova I.V., L.N. Filippova “Continuity in the work of a speech therapist and other specialists” Magazine “Speech therapist” , 2007- No. 4.
- Stepanova O.A. “Organization of speech therapy work in a preschool educational institution
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