One of the causes of speech disorders is improper breathing. Weak or jerky inhalations and exhalations, irrational distribution of air lead to the fact that the child speaks either too loudly or too quietly, inaudibly, “chokes” on words, and does not pronounce them entirely. To correct breathing problems, speech therapy uses special sets of exercises – breathing exercises.
What is this method?
Breathing gymnastics is a system of exercises that includes inhalations and exhalations interspersed with breath holdings of a certain speed, intensity, and duration. Its goal is to strengthen the respiratory organs, saturate the body's cells with oxygen, and prevent diseases arising from hypoxia. Gymnastics also has a beneficial effect on the psyche, calms and relaxes.
Why are breathing exercises used in speech therapy?
Speech therapists use this technique to develop correct speech breathing in children, which is necessary for normal sound production. Without it, it is impossible to maintain a constant volume of speech, strictly observe pauses, and speak smoothly and with intonation expressiveness.
Breathing exercises are used primarily in preschool speech therapy. Establishing speech breathing at an early age creates the basis for the proper development of both sound pronunciation and speech in general. Also in speech therapy, breathing exercises are used to form diaphragmatic-costal breathing, correct stuttering and other disorders.
It is recommended to perform breathing exercises no longer than 5-7 minutes. Therefore, in speech therapy classes it is convenient to combine them with other techniques, for example, articulatory gymnastics, logorhythmics, logomassage.
Speech breathing disorders
With the help of a set of breathing exercises, speech therapy specialists most often correct the following disorders:
- Weak inhalation and exhalation that lead to quiet, barely audible speech. This disorder usually occurs in physically weak, shy, timid children.
- Uneven, uneconomical distribution of exhaled air. The child exhales all the air on the first word or even syllable. The end of a phrase or word is “swallowed” or spoken in a whisper.
- Inability to correctly distribute breathing according to words. The child inhales all the air in the middle of the word, inhales again and continues speaking.
- “Choking” with words. The child pronounces phrases while inhaling, is in a hurry, and does not pause.
- Uneven speech volume, which occurs due to jerky exhalation.
Exercises for developing speech breathing
All breathing exercises in speech therapy are based on inhalation-exhalation and breath-holding. To make it interesting for children to perform them, specialists introduce game elements into the classes. Here are examples of such exercises:
- "Ships". Place paper boats or just pieces of paper in a wide container of water. The child should slowly inhale and exhale - blow on the boats, driving them to the opposite “shore”.
- " Snow and Wind" . Small pieces of cotton wool are rolled into a ball and placed on the table. The child blows on them, depicting the winter wind.
- “ Who/what is in the picture?” Corrugated paper cut into thin strips is pasted onto a small picture depicting an object or character on one side. The child blows on the fringe to see who or what is hidden behind it.
- "Bubbles." This is an exercise-game that can be done easily and without preparation not only in a speech therapy class, but also at home. The child is given a glass of water and a straw. He inhales deeply and slowly releases air into the water through a straw to create bubbles.
- "Pipe". Pen caps, whistles, pipes and children's wind instruments are being prepared. The child blows into them, making sounds.
- "Focus". For this exercise you need a piece of cotton wool. They place it on the child’s nose and ask him to stick out his tongue, roll it into a tube, bend it up and blow on the cotton wool so that it falls. This is how the respiratory and articulatory apparatuses prepare to pronounce the sound [r].
- "Candle". They light a candle and ask the child to blow on it slowly and carefully so that the flame does not go out, but only deviates in different directions.
- "Trees". This exercise is similar to the Who/What is in the Picture? exercise. The trunk and branches of a tree are drawn on the card, and the crown is made of corrugated paper. You need to blow on it so that the leaves “fall off”.
- "We warm our hands." The child is asked to blow on his palms to control the intensity, speed, and direction of exhalation. The same exercise is used to produce hissing and whistling sounds. When pronouncing the sound [s] correctly, the child should feel a cold “breeze” with his palm. And if you pronounce the sound [w], the “breeze” becomes warm, your palms warm up.
► The speech therapist can modify these and other exercises from the methodological collections of colleagues or develop his own.
How should you do breathing exercises?
Before starting and during speech breathing exercises, it is recommended:
- Wipe off dust in the speech therapy room and ventilate it thoroughly.
- Create an optimal gymnastics program and stick to it. You need to monitor the amount and pace of exercise. Gymnastics should take no more than 5-7 minutes. At the beginning of training, one exercise is performed, at the next lesson another one is added, and so on. Each exercise is repeated no more than 3-4 times, otherwise the child may become dizzy.
- Gymnastics are performed on an empty stomach or at least an hour after eating. If a child is sick or not feeling well, classes should be postponed.
- Exercises are performed in loose clothing that does not restrict movement.
- The speech therapist makes sure that during gymnastics the child does not strain the muscles of the neck, arms, or chest. When you inhale, your shoulders should not rise, and when you exhale, your cheeks should not puff out.
- The technique of breathing exercises is best mastered while lying on your back. The child is taught to silently inhale through the nose and mouth, exhale through the mouth, not hold his breath, maintain a small supply of air in the lungs, breathe without tremors and convulsions. After practicing these skills, you can move on to performing gymnastics while sitting and standing. Then exercises in motion are added.
- Gymnastics are carried out until the technique of correct speech breathing is mastered to the point of automatism.
Card file of breathing exercises for speech therapists
Breathing exercises “Swing”
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
For a child in a lying position, a light toy is placed on his stomach in the diaphragm area. Inhale and exhale through the nose. An adult pronounces a rhyme:
Swing up
(inhale)
Swing
down
(exhale)
Hold on tight, my friend.
Breathing exercises “Tree in the wind”
»
Target:
formation of the respiratory apparatus.
IP: sitting on the floor, legs crossed (options: sitting on your knees or on your heels, legs together). The back is straight. Raise your arms up above your head with an inhalation and lower them down to the floor in front of you with an exhalation, while bending your torso slightly, as if bending a tree.
Breathing exercises “Lumberjack”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
Stand straight with your feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. As you inhale, fold your hands like a hatchet and lift them up. Sharply, as if under the weight of an ax, lower your outstretched arms down as you exhale, tilt your body, allowing your hands to “cut through” the space between your legs. Say "bang." Repeat with your child six to eight times.
Breathing exercises “Angry hedgehog”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart. Imagine how a hedgehog curls up into a ball when in danger. Bend down as low as possible without lifting your heels from the floor, clasp your chest with your hands, lower your head, exhaling “p-f-f” - the sound made by an angry hedgehog, then “f-r-r” - and this is a satisfied hedgehog. Repeat with your child three to five times.
Breathing exercises “Blow up the balloon”
Target:
train the strength of inhalation and exhalation.
IP: the child is sitting or standing. “Blowing up the balloon” he spreads his arms wide to the sides and inhales deeply, then slowly brings his hands together, bringing his palms together in front of his chest and blows out air - pfft. “The ball has burst” - clap your hands, “the air comes out of the ball” - the child says: “shhh”, stretching out his lips with his proboscis, lowering his hands and settling, like a balloon from which the air has been let out.
Breathing exercises “Leaf fall”
Target:
development of smooth, long inhalation and exhalation.
Cut out various autumn leaves from colored paper and explain to your child what leaf fall is. Invite your child to blow on the leaves so that they fly. Along the way, you can tell which leaves fell from which tree.
Breathing exercises “Geese are flying”
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
Slow walking. When you inhale, raise your arms to the sides, when you exhale, lower them down, pronouncing a long sound “g-u-u-u”.
Breathing exercises “Fluff”
Target:
formation of the respiratory apparatus.
Tie a light feather to a string. Invite your child to blow on it. It is necessary to ensure that you inhale only through your nose, and exhale through pursed lips.
Breathing exercises “Beetle”
Target:
train the strength of inhalation and exhalation.
IP: the baby stands or sits with his arms crossed over his chest. Spreads his arms to the sides, raises his head - inhale, crosses his arms over his chest, lowers his head - exhale: “ zhu-u-u”
- said the winged beetle, “I’ll sit and buzz.”
Breathing exercises “Cockerel”
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
IP: standing straight, legs apart, arms down. Raise your arms to the sides (inhale), and then slap them on your thighs (exhale), saying “ku-ka-re-ku.”
Breathing exercises “Crow”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
IP: the child stands straight, legs slightly apart and arms down. Inhale - spreads your arms wide to the sides, like wings, slowly lowers your arms and exhales, saying “karrr”, stretching the sound [r] as much as possible.
Breathing exercises “Locomotive”
Target:
formation of the respiratory apparatus.
Walking, making alternating movements with your arms and saying: “chuh-chuh-chuh.” At certain intervals you can stop and say “too-too.” Duration – up to 30 seconds.
Breathing exercises “Grow Big”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
IP: standing straight, feet together. Raise your arms up, stretch well, rise on your toes – inhale, lower your arms down, lower your entire foot – exhale. As you exhale, say “u-h-h-h”! Repeat 4-5 times.
Breathing exercises “Clock”
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
IP: standing, legs slightly apart, arms lowered. Swinging your straight arms back and forth, say “tick-tock.” Repeat up to 10 times.
Breathing exercises “Porridge is boiling”
Target:
formation of the respiratory apparatus.
IP: sitting, one hand lies on the stomach, the other on the chest. Drawing in your stomach and drawing air into your lungs - inhale, lowering your chest (exhaling air) and sticking out your stomach - exhale. When exhaling, pronounce the sound “f-f-f-f” loudly. Repeat 3-4 times.
Breathing exercises “Balloon”
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
IP: Lying on the floor, the child puts his hands on his stomach. Taking a slow, deep breath, inflates your stomach, while imagining that a balloon is inflating in your stomach. Holds your breath for 5 seconds. Exhales slowly, the stomach deflates. Holds your breath for 5 seconds. Performed 5 times in a row.
Breathing exercises “Pump”
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
The baby puts his hands on his belt, squats slightly - inhale, straightens up - exhale. Gradually the squats become lower, the inhalation and exhalation take longer. Repeat 3 – 4 times.
Breathing exercises “Regulator”
Target:
formation of the respiratory apparatus.
Stand straight, feet shoulder-width apart, one arm raised up, the other to the side. Inhale through your nose, then change the position of your hands and, during an extended exhalation, say “r-r-r-r-r.” Repeat 5-6 times.
Breathing exercises “Scissors”
Target:
formation of the respiratory apparatus.
I.p. - Same. Straight arms are extended forward or to the sides at shoulder level, palms facing down. With an inhalation, the left hand rises up, the right hand goes down. Exhale – left hand down, right hand up. After the child has mastered this exercise, you can change it: not the arms move from the shoulder, but only the hands.
Breathing exercises “Snowfall”
Target:
development of smooth, long inhalation and exhalation.
Make snowflakes from paper or cotton wool (loose lumps). Explain to the child what snowfall is and invite the child to blow “snowflakes” from the palm of his hand.
Breathing exercises “Trumpeter”»
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
IP: sitting, hands clenched into a tube, raised up. Exhale slowly while pronouncing the sound “p-f-f-f-f” loudly. Repeat up to 5 times.
Breathing gymnastics “Duel”»
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
Roll a piece of cotton wool into a ball. Gate - 2 cubes. The child blows on the “ball”, trying to “score a goal” - the cotton wool should be between the cubes. With a little practice, you can conduct competitions with one cotton ball on the principle of playing football.
Breathing exercises “Spring”
Target:
formation of the respiratory apparatus.
IP: lying on your back; legs straight, arms along the body. Raise your legs and bend them at the knees, press them to your chest (exhale). Return to IP (inhale). Repeat 6-8 times.
Breathing exercises “Who will drive the ball further”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
Sit down at the table with your baby, place two cotton balls in front of you (multi-colored ones are easy to find in supermarkets, and white ones can be made from cotton wool yourself). Blow on the balls as hard as possible, trying to blow them off the table.
Breathing exercises “Blow on a dandelion”
Target:
train the strength of inhalation and exhalation.
IP: the baby is standing or sitting. He takes a deep breath through his nose, then exhales long through his mouth, as if he wants to blow the fluff off a dandelion.
Breathing exercises “Windmill”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
A child blows on the blades of a spinning toy or a windmill from a sand set.
Breathing exercises “Hippopotamus”
Target:
train the strength of inhalation and exhalation.
IP: lying or sitting. The child places his palm on the diaphragm and breathes deeply. Inhalation and exhalation are done through the nose. The exercise can be performed in a sitting position and accompanied by rhyming:
The hippos sat down and touched their bellies.
Then the tummy rises
(inhale)
Then the tummy drops
(exhalation).
Breathing exercises “Chicken”
Target:
development of a smooth, long inhalation.
IP: the child stands straight, legs slightly apart, arms down, spreads his arms wide to the sides like wings - inhale; as you exhale, bends over, lowering your head and hanging your arms freely, saying: “tah-tah-tah,” while simultaneously patting one’s knees.
Breathing exercises “Soaring butterflies”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
Cut out butterflies from paper and hang them on threads. Invite the child to blow on the butterfly so that it flies (while making sure that the child makes a long, smooth exhalation).
Breathing exercises “Stork”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
Standing straight, spread your arms to the sides, and bend one leg forward. Hold the position for a few seconds. Keep your balance. As you exhale, lower your leg and arms, quietly saying “sh-sh-sh-sh.” Repeat with your child six to seven times.
Breathing exercises “In the forest”
Target:
form correct speech breathing.
Imagine that you are lost in a dense forest. After inhaling, say “ay” as you exhale. Change your intonation and volume and turn left and right. Repeat with your child five to six times.
Breathing exercises “Wave”
Target:
train the strength of inhalation and exhalation.
IP: lying on the floor, legs together, hands at your sides. As you inhale, raise your arms above your head, touching the floor, and as you exhale, slowly return to their starting position. Simultaneously with the exhalation, the child says “Vni-i-i-z.” After the child masters this exercise, speaking is canceled.
Breathing exercises “Hamster”
Target:
development of smooth, long exhalation.
Invite your child to walk a few steps (up to 10-15), puffing out his cheeks like a hamster, then lightly slap himself on the cheeks - release the air from his mouth and walk a little more, breathing through his nose.
Breathing exercises “Little Frog”
Target:
form correct speech breathing.
Place your feet together. Imagine how the little frog jumps quickly and sharply, and repeat his jumps: squatting slightly, inhaling, jump forward. When you land, “croak.” Repeat three to four times.
Breathing exercises “Indian War Cry”
Target:
form correct speech breathing.
Invite your child to imitate the Indians' war cry: shout quietly, quickly covering and opening your mouth with your palm. This is a fun element for children that is easy to repeat. An adult can “manage the volume” by alternately indicating “quieter and louder” with his hand.
Breathing exercises “Pearl divers”
Target:
strengthen physiological breathing in children.
It is announced that a beautiful pearl lies on the seabed. Anyone who can hold their breath can get it. The child, in a standing position, takes two calm breaths and two calm exhalations through the nose, and with the third deep breath closes his mouth, pinches his nose with his fingers and squats until he wants to exhale.
Tongue exercises
Children perform a set of static exercises for the tongue:
- spatula - the mouth is open, a wide, relaxed tongue lies on the lower lip;
- chicks - the mouth is wide open, the tongue lies quietly in the oral cavity;
- tube - the mouth is open, the lateral edges of the tongue are curved upward.
Then they move on to dynamic exercises for the tongue. During the “clock” exercise, the mouth is slightly open, the lips are stretched into a smile. With the tip of a narrow tongue, the child reaches alternately, at the teacher’s count, to the corners of his mouth. The “swing” exercise in speech therapy is performed as follows: the mouth is open, the child stretches his tense tongue to the nose and chin or to the upper and lower incisors. During the exercise called "football" the mouth is kept closed. With a tense tongue they rest on one or the other cheek.
With the help of the “sail” exercise, the upper rise of the tongue is prepared for the sounds [r], [l]. The child raises his wide tongue to the upper incisors and rests on the alveoli. The speech therapist makes sure that the tongue does not sag, but is tense and wide.
The purpose of the machine gun exercise is to strengthen the vibration of the tip of the tongue for sound. From the “sail” position, the child performs the “woodpecker” exercise and adds an air stream, like a push of air: “D-ddd” + push of a strong air stream. A vibration of the tongue occurs - “drr”. The exercise should be performed intensively 5 times.
Consultation for parents on the topic: “Speech therapy games for the development of speech breathing”
Methodological development by R.I. Ostrovskaya, speech therapist teacher at MBDOU No. 16 “Swallow” Art. Novorozhdestvenskaya
Consultation for parents on the topic:
“Speech therapy games for the development of speech breathing”
Some parents who have come for a consultation with a speech therapist and heard that they will have to train proper speech breathing are perplexed: “Why do you need to learn to breathe correctly? I came to correct the incorrect sound pronunciation, but the child already knows how to breathe perfectly.” But in such a complex process as speech development, everything matters, everything is important and necessary.
Work on speech development should begin, first of all, with the development of breathing. Various games and exercises help develop breathing. What is it for? Correct (physiological) breathing will help the child learn to speak calmly, smoothly, and slowly. Some breathing exercises also help teach the child how to pronounce certain sounds correctly.
It is important to understand that correct physiological breathing does not mean correct speech breathing. Speech breathing is a person’s ability to make a short, deep entrance and rationally distribute air when exhaling while simultaneously pronouncing various sound combinations. Only correct speech breathing allows a person to expend less muscle energy, but at the same time achieve maximum sound and smoothness.
When starting to develop speech breathing in a child, it is necessary, first of all, to form a strong, smooth oral exhalation.
At the same time, it is necessary to teach the child to control the exhalation time and use air sparingly. Additionally, the child develops the ability to direct the air stream in the desired direction.
Breathing exercises are performed daily for 5-10 minutes in a well-ventilated area. They can be used as physical education exercises during the lesson or as part of it aimed at developing speech breathing.
During the games described below, constant monitoring of correct breathing is necessary.
Remember the parameters of correct oral exhalation:
- exhalation is preceded by a strong inhalation through the nose - “we take a full chest of air”;
- exhalation occurs smoothly, and not in jerks;
— during exhalation, the lips form a tube; you should not purse your lips or puff out your cheeks;
- during exhalation, the air comes out through the mouth, you should not allow the air to escape through the nose (if the child exhales through the nose, you can pinch his nostrils so that he feels how the air should come out);
- you should exhale until the air runs out;
— while singing or talking, you should not take in air with frequent short breaths.
When playing games aimed at developing a child's breathing, it is necessary to keep in mind that breathing exercises quickly tire the child and can even cause dizziness. Therefore, such games must be limited in time (you can use an hourglass) and be sure to alternate with other exercises.
Do you want to teach your child beautiful, clear speech with good diction, or do you, an adult, absolutely need well-spoken speech for work? Then you can’t do without special games to develop speech breathing.
Below are some games for training speech breathing, worked out by speech therapists during many years of practice. The purpose of these exercises is to develop long-term continuous oral exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.
Games and exercises for developing smooth oral exhalation
Fly, butterfly!
Equipment:
2-3 bright paper butterflies.
Progress of the game:
Before starting the lesson, tie a thread 20-40 cm long to each butterfly, attach the threads to the cord at some distance from each other. Pull the cord so that the butterflies hang at the level of the standing child’s face.
Show your child butterflies and invite them to play with them.
- Look how beautiful the colorful butterflies are! Let's see if they can fly.
The teacher blows on butterflies.
- Look, they're flying! How alive! Now you try to blow. Which butterfly will fly farthest?
The child stands near the butterflies and blows on them. It is necessary to ensure that the child stands straight, does not raise his shoulders when exhaling, blows on one exhalation without taking in air, does not puff out his cheeks, and slightly pushes his lips forward.
You can blow for no more than 10 seconds with pauses to avoid dizziness.
Breeze
Equipment:
paper plumes (brooms).
Progress of the game:
Before starting the game, you need to prepare the brooms. To do this, attach strips of colored paper to a wooden stick. You can use thin tissue paper or a “rain” Christmas tree decoration.
The child is invited to play with the broom. Show how to blow on paper strips, then offer to blow on the child.
- Imagine that this is a magic tree. The breeze blew and the leaves rustled on the tree! Like this! Now you blow!
The game can be played individually or in a group of children. In the second case, children blow on their brooms at the same time.
Leaf fall
Equipment:
yellow, red, orange leaves cut out of thin double-sided colored paper; bucket.
Progress of the game:
The adult lays out leaves on the table and reminds the children about autumn.
- Imagine that it is autumn now. Red, yellow, orange leaves fall from the trees. The wind blew and scattered all the leaves on the ground! Let's make a wind - let's blow on the leaves!
The adult and the children blow on the leaves until all the leaves are on the floor. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that oral exhalation is carried out correctly, as well as to ensure that children do not become overtired.
- All the leaves on the ground... Let's collect the leaves in a bucket. The teacher and children collect leaves. Then the game repeats again.
It is snowing!
Equipment:
pieces of cotton wool.
Progress of the game:
An adult lays out pieces of cotton wool on the table and reminds the children about winter.
— Imagine that it is winter now. Snow is falling outside. Let's blow on snowflakes!
An adult shows how to blow on cotton wool, the children repeat. Then everyone raises the cotton wool and the game is repeated again.
Dandelion
Progress of the game:
The game is played outdoors - in a clearing where dandelions grow. The adult invites the children to find among the yellow dandelions the ones that have already bloomed and pick them. Then he shows how you can blow on a dandelion to make all the fluff fly off. After this, he invites the children to blow on their dandelions.
- Let's blow on the dandelions! Blow once, but strongly, so that all the fluff flies off. Look, the fluffs are flying like little parachutes.
You can arrange a competition: each child blows on his own dandelion once. The winners are those children who do not have a single fluff left on the head of the flower.
You can also organize the game “Grandfather or Grandmother?”:
- Let's play the game “Grandfather or Grandmother?”! Blow on your dandelions only once. If there are no fluffs left on the flower head, it is a bald head. So it turned out to be a grandfather. If the fluff remains - these are hairs on the head - then it turns out to be a woman. The one who gets the grandfather wins!
Pinwheel
Equipment:
spinning toy.
Progress of the game:
Before starting the game, prepare a spinning toy. You can make it yourself using paper and a wooden stick.
Show your child the fidget spinner. On the street, demonstrate how it begins to spin when the wind blows. Then offer to blow on it yourself:
- Let's make a wind - let's blow on the turntable. That's how it turned out! Blow even harder and the spinner spins faster.
The game can be played individually or in a group of children.
Wind Song
Equipment:
Chinese bell "song of the wind".
Progress of the game:
Hang the bell at a convenient distance for the child (at the level of the face of a standing child) and offer to blow on it. Pay attention to how melodic the sound is. Then suggest blowing harder - the sound has become louder.
The game can be played individually or in a group of children.
Fly, birds!
Equipment:
2-3 colorful birds folded from paper (origami).
Progress of the game:
The child is sitting at the table. One bird is placed on the table opposite the child. The adult invites the child to blow on the bird so that it flies as far as possible (you can blow once).
- What a beautiful bird you have! Can she fly? Blow so that the bird flies far away! You can blow once. Inhale and get more air. The bird has flown!
During a group game, you can arrange a competition between two or three children: each blows on his own bird. The one whose bird flies farthest wins. The adult makes sure that the children do not puff out their cheeks, blow only once, and do not strain too much.
Roll, pencil!
Equipment:
pencils with a smooth or ribbed surface.
Progress of the game:
The child is sitting at the table. Place a pencil on the table at a distance of 20 cm from the child. First, the adult shows how to blow forcefully on a pencil so that it rolls to the opposite end of the table. Then he invites the child to blow on the pencil. The second participant in the game catches the pencil at the opposite end of the table. You can continue the game by sitting opposite each other and rolling each other's pencil from one end of the table to the other.
When organizing a game in a group, you can arrange a competition: two children sit at a table with pencils in front of them. You can only blow on the pencil once. The one whose pencil rolls farthest wins.
Funny balls
Equipment:
lightweight plastic ball.
Progress of the game:
You can play with balls in the same way as with pencils (see previous game). You can make the game more difficult. Draw a line on the table. Then take the ball and place it in the middle of the table (on the line). Two children sit at a table opposite each other, on opposite sides of a ball on a line.
- You need to blow on the ball so that it rolls to the opposite side of the table. And you need to try so that the ball does not fall on your part of the table. You need to blow harder. Let's start!
The winner is the one who managed to blow the ball over the line to the opposite side of the table.
Balloon
Equipment:
an ordinary balloon on a string; gas balloon.
Progress of the game:
Hang the balloon at the level of your child's face. Blow on the balloon so that it flies high, then offer to blow on the child.
A more complex version of the game is possible. Throw the balloon up. Invite your child to blow on the ball several times so that it does not fall to the floor longer.
- Let's blow on the ball so it doesn't fall down. Like this! Stronger!
You can play with a balloon filled with gas. In this case, the ball is tied to a chair or something on the floor (it is advisable that the string remains long). You need to blow on the ball so that it flies as far forward as possible.
If the game is played in a group, you can organize a competition: two children (or small teams) stand opposite each other facing the ball (distance to the ball is 50-60 cm) and simultaneously begin to blow. The winner is the one who managed to send the ball to the opposite territory (you can divide the territory using a ribbon or rope).
Sail, little boat!
Equipment:
paper or plastic boats; bowl of water.
Progress of the game:
Place a bowl of water with a paper boat floating in it on a low table. At first, it is better to use a plastic boat, as paper boats quickly get wet and sink. An adult blows on the boat, then offers to blow on the child.
- Imagine that this is the sea. Let's set the boat sailing. Look how strong the wind is! How quickly our ship sailed. Now try it. Well done!
The game can be complicated by inviting the child to ride a boat from one city to another, marking the cities with icons on the edges of the pelvis. In this case, the air stream during oral exhalation should not only be strong, but also directed.
You can play the game in a group. In this case, organize a competition to see whose boat will sail to the goal faster.
Ducks
Equipment:
rubber duck with ducklings (bathing set); other lightweight rubber or plastic toys that float in water.
Progress of the game:
Place a bowl of water on a low table. The teacher shows the child a duck with ducklings and invites them to play.
- Imagine that this is a lake. A duck and ducklings came to the lake. This is how a duck swims.
An adult blows on toys and offers to blow on the child. Then the game gets more difficult.
- Look: the ducklings have swam far from their mother. The duck calls the ducklings to come to her. Let's help the ducklings swim to their mother duck as quickly as possible!
In this case, the air stream during oral exhalation should not only be strong, but also directed. You can play the game in a group of children.
Storm in a teacup
Equipment:
glass of water, cocktail straws of different diameters.
Progress of the game:
Place a cocktail straw in a glass half filled with water and blow into it - bubbles will rise to the surface with a loud gurgle. Then give the tube to the child and ask him to blow.
- Let's make funny buns! Take a straw and blow into a glass of water. If you blow weakly, you get small gurgles. And if you blow too hard, you get a whole storm! Let's create a storm!
By looking at the “storm” in the water, you can easily estimate the strength of the exhalation and its duration. At the beginning of classes, the diameter of the tube should be 5-6 mm, later you can use thinner tubes.
Many children who are accustomed to drinking juice from bags through a straw do not immediately understand what is required of them and may start drinking water (therefore, it is better to use purified drinking water just in case). In this case, first suggest blowing through the tube onto a piece of cotton wool on the table or onto your palm to feel the air coming out of the tube.
Another possible problem is that the child may bite and chew on the soft tube or bend it. In this case, you can use the body of a gel pen - a transparent tube made of hard plastic.
In addition, the child can, holding the tube in his lips, exhale air through his nose. In this case, you should gently pinch the baby’s nose with your fingers and offer to blow again.
Grow, foam!
Equipment:
a glass of water, cocktail straws of different diameters, dishwashing liquid.
Progress of the game:
This game can be offered to a child after he learns to blow well through a straw into a glass of water (does not drink water, does not bend the straw). Add a little dishwashing liquid to the water, then take a straw and blow into the water - with a loud gurgle, a cloud of iridescent bubbles will grow before the child's eyes. Then offer to blow on the child. When there is a lot of foam, you can blow on it.
- Now I'm going to do hocus pocus! I take the dishwashing liquid and drop it into the water... Now I’ll stir it - ary-bar-top-top-top! I take a pipe and blow. Look what happened! This is a foam of small and large bubbles! Now you try to blow.
After children learn to act correctly in individual lessons - blowing into straws, not spilling water, etc., you can conduct such a lesson in a group.
Article: Breathing exercises in speech therapy work with children
Training the articulatory organs and the development of speech breathing is perhaps the main point in the structure of speech correction classes for children with sound pronunciation defects. Articulation and breathing exercises play a particularly important role in the correction of such speech disorders as dysarthria. When working with dysarthric children, the sequence of different types of gymnastics is important. First, general motor gymnastics is performed, followed by breathing, then vocal, and only at the end articulation.
Breathing exercises begin with general breathing exercises. Their goal is to increase breathing volume and normalize its rhythm. The child is taught to breathe with his mouth closed. They train nasal exhalation by telling the child: “Inhale deeply and exhale for a long time through the nose.” Then they practice mouth exhalation, while closing the child’s nostrils. Resistance exercises are used when the speech therapist
puts his hands on the child’s chest, as if preventing him from inhaling for 1-2 seconds. The child is taught to hold his breath, achieving a quick and deep breath and a slow, long exhalation.
When doing breathing exercises, you should not overtire the child. You need to make sure that he does not strain his shoulders, neck, or take vicious poses. All breathing exercises are carried out smoothly, accompanied by counting or music, in a well-ventilated room.
Breathing exercises are performed with children using play techniques.
“Boats” The child is offered a wide container of water, and in it are paper “boats”, which can simply be pieces of paper. The child, slowly inhaling, directs the air stream towards the “ship”, pushing it to the other “shore”.
“Snow and Wind” Small balls—“snow”—are rolled out of small pieces of cotton wool and laid out on the table. The child is asked to blow on the “snow” like a cold winter wind. In this case, the “clumps of snow” should slowly move to the opposite edge of the table.
"Who's hiding?" On an object picture the size of a quarter of a landscape sheet, we glue corrugated paper cut with fringe on one edge. It turns out that the picture is under thin strips of corrugated paper. The child is asked to blow on the paper fringe until it rises and the picture becomes visible.
“Bubbles” This is a game that almost all parents consider pampering and do not allow their children to play it. In fact, it is a breathing exercise and is very easy to use. All you need is a straw and a glass of water. Please note
the child so that the exhalation is long, that is, the bubbles should be long.
“Dudochka” We use all kinds of whistles, children’s musical instruments, and pen caps. We blow on them.
“Focus” This is an exercise with a piece of cotton wool that prepares you for pronouncing the sound [r]. The cotton wool is placed on the tip of the nose. The child is asked to stretch out his tongue, bend its tip up and blow on the cotton wool to blow it off his nose.
“Candle” The child is asked to blow on the flame of a burning candle so as not to blow it out, but only slightly deflect the flame. You need to blow for a long time, carefully, slowly. There is a caution regarding this exercise from Ayurvedic medicine. Namely, blowing on fire is supposedly a manifestation of disrespect for the element of fire, and future deterioration of vision is directly related to this. However, Ayurvedic medicine is not evidence-based, so this warning is addressed only to those who believe in it.
“Trees” The exercise is similar to the exercise “Who is hiding?” Visual material in the form of trees is made of corrugated paper (crown of a tree), onto which it is proposed to blow.
“Warming our hands” The child is asked to control the exhalation with his palms - blow on his palms. We use the same exercise when producing whistling and hissing sounds. The child uses his palm to control the correctness of his pronunciation. If the “breeze” is cold, “winter,” then the sound [s] is pronounced correctly. When pronouncing the sound [w], the “breeze” is warm, “summer”, the palms warm up.
Articulation exercises for lips
Speech therapists conduct articulation gymnastics daily so that the skills developed are reinforced. Each exercise is performed 5-7 times. The articulatory pose should be held in one position for 10-15 seconds.
When selecting exercises for articulatory gymnastics, a certain sequence is followed, first simple exercises, and then complex ones. They are carried out emotionally, in a playful way. Articulation gymnasts are performed while sitting, since in this position the child’s body is not tense, the back is straight, and the arms and legs are in a calm position.
The patient must clearly see the speech therapist’s face, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. A child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulation gymnastics. Children can use a small hand mirror. Then the speech therapist is located opposite the child, facing him.
Articulation gymnastics begins with exercises for the lips. The speech therapist talks about the upcoming exercise, using game techniques, and demonstrates its implementation. Then the child does the exercise, and the adult controls the execution.
The speech therapist monitors the quality of the movements performed by the little patient:
- accuracy;
- smoothness;
- pace;
- sustainability;
- transition from one movement to another.
He pays attention to the fact that the movements of each organ of articulation are performed symmetrically in relation to the right and left sides of the face. Otherwise, articulatory gymnastics does not achieve its goal. If the baby is unable to move, help him with a spatula.
The system of exercises for the development of articulatory motor skills includes both static exercises and exercises aimed at developing dynamic coordination of speech movements.
Children are asked to do the following lip exercises:
- smile - holding the lips in a smile, teeth are not visible;
- tube - stretching the lips forward with a long tube;
- rabbit - lips are closed, the upper lip is raised and exposes the upper incisors.
Next, perform exercises to develop lip mobility:
- tube smile - stretch the lips forward in a tube, then stretch them into a smile;
- the fish talk - clap their lips against each other (a dull sound is pronounced);
- snout - lips, elongated in a tube, move left and right and rotate in a circle.
The “dissatisfied horse” exercise is performed by speech therapists in the following way: the child easily and actively sends a stream of exhaled air to his lips until they begin to vibrate. The result is a sound similar to the snorting of a horse.
The “Fence” exercise develops the ability to hold your lips in a smile, exposing the lower and upper front teeth. The procedure for performing the exercise is as follows: smile, show your upper and lower teeth, hold your lips in this position for a count of five.
