12 finger games for the youngest. Simple and fun

– a reliable tool for
development
.
Such activities with children
appeared in ancient times, when children's toys practically did not exist.
Through the centuries, finger games have not lost their popularity and remain the best way to interact with little explorers. The main advantages of exercises
are safety, formation and honing of speech skills.

Finger gymnastics and its meaning for a child

Research has proven that the development of a child’s speech directly depends on the development of manual motor skills. At a high level, logic, coherent speech, memory and attention are well developed. Moreover, if, upon reaching four years of age, a child cannot bring water to his face in his joined palms, then his manual fine motor skills are lagging behind in development. That’s when parents turn to finger gymnastics for help for their kids.

Finger gymnastics

Methods and goals of finger gymnastics in kindergarten

At the preschool educational institution, classes are conducted on music, physical education, and even walks. The work plan of a general education institution highlights the following goals:

• Development of finger dexterity, imagination and attention.
• Activation of speech centers.
• Creating a positive attitude in the group.

Note! Finger gymnastics in kindergarten is based on the method of influencing the child’s internal organs with the hands.

For example:

• The thumb point is responsible for the functioning of the brain;
• The index finger is responsible for the functioning of the stomach;
• The middle finger controls the integrity of the spine and intestinal tract;
• The liver is associated with the ring finger;
• Heart with little finger.

Additional attraction of the child's attention

Ways to develop fine motor skills

1. Finger massage. This passive gymnastics is suitable for little ones.
2. Finger games. This includes finger gymnastics, finger massage and finger painting.
3. Finger Theater. It can be in the form of a tabletop or a horse-mounted one.
4. Games with small objects. You can play with cereals, pasta, sand and other natural materials. Playing with a ball and small toys, as well as classes on making patterns from small parts, help develop hands well.
5. Hand trainers. Toys from the store can also be useful if they are special developmental “simulators”: inserts, lacing, etc. You can make such simulators yourself.
6. Fine arts classes. Modeling, drawing, appliqué, working with construction kits are traditionally considered excellent ways to develop a child’s hands.
7. Using a simple pencil. Having received a simple pencil, the child can train his hands by tracing objects by dots and drawing by cells, looking for a way out of labyrinths, and shading silhouettes.

The most effective type of exercise is finger training, which includes various games and exercises.

Watch a video about finger gymnastics for children 1-3 years old

Types of exercises for hands and fingers

As a result of playing games for the hands, their muscles are strengthened, the child learns to control the tension and relaxation of the limb. A prerequisite is to show adults the exercise, even if it is familiar to a preschooler.

One such exercise is gates. The palms are directed with the fingers towards each other, placed on the edge. The fingers are tense and straightened. To the command: “The gate is opening,” the palms turn parallel, with the fingers pointing away from you. On the command: “The gate is closing,” the hands return to their original position.

Using the “Let's pet the animal” exercise, you can not only relax your hands, but also bring your child into a dialogue about the pet he has or would like to have - which will also contribute to the development of imagination, thinking and speech. The task itself is simple - first with one hand, then with the second, the child “pets” an imaginary animal.

Important! Conducting finger exercises can begin from infancy - with the mother stroking and massaging the baby’s hands. However, the child will consciously complete tasks no earlier than 4 years old. As a result of this exercise, stiffness in the movements of the fingers and hands will disappear, flexibility and mobility will appear.

Gymnastics for fingers for children. Examples:

• Glasses. The thumbs and index fingers are connected to each other. The resulting “glasses” are brought to the eyes.
• Steamboat. Both palms are placed on the edge and connected, little finger to little finger, forming a ladle. The thumbs are protruded and directed upward.
• Chair and table. Chair - one palm is straightened, and the second is in a fist. The one in the fist is placed at the bottom of the straightened palm, forming a chair. The table is made according to a similar principle, only the straightened palm is placed horizontally on the fist.

Carrying out finger gymnastics in the senior group

Consultation for educators “Types of finger gymnastics”

Types of finger gymnastics

1. Manipulation games:
2. “Okay - okay” - children clap their hands rhythmically,
3. “Magpie - white-sided” - make circular movements with the index finger.
4. “Finger-boy, where have you been?”, “We shared an orange”, “This finger wants to sleep”, “This finger is a grandfather”, “One, two, three, four, who lives in my apartment”, “Fingers go walk” - the child bends each finger one by one.

He can perform these exercises independently or with the help of an adult. They develop imagination: in each finger the child sees one or another image.

2. Subject finger exercises

This group includes exercises that allow children to depict objects of transport and furniture, wild and domestic animals, birds, insects, and trees. For each lesson, finger games are selected on certain lexical topics. “Birds”, “Mushrooms”, “Christmas tree”, “Harvest”, “A flower is blooming”, “Rake”, etc.

1. “Fingers say hello” - the fingertips touch the thumb (of the right, left hand, two at the same time).
2. “A flower is blooming” - fingers “appear” one after another from a clenched fist.
3. “House” - we study parts of the body, feeling them tactilely.

Wall, wall, (touch cheeks)

Ceiling, (touch forehead)

Two steps, (walk fingers over lips)

Ring - bell! (press the spout)

This group also includes exercises that allow children to depict objects of transport and furniture, wild and domestic animals, birds, insects, trees,

1. Finger exercises in combination with sound gymnastics in older preschool age.

The child can alternately connect the fingers of each hand with each other, or straighten each finger in turn, or clench his fingers into a fist and unclench and at this time pronounce the sounds: b-p, d-t, k-g.

Articulation exercises are carried out simultaneously with movements of first one hand (right, left), then both, imitating the movements of the jaw, tongue and lips (bioenergoplasty). Joint movements of the hand and the articulatory apparatus, if they are flexible, relaxed and free, help to activate the natural distribution of bioenergy in the body. This has an extremely beneficial effect on enhancing the intellectual activity of children, and also develops coordination and fine motor skills.

Exercises develop not only fine motor skills, but also speech breathing and allow you to automate the pronunciation of the desired sound. "Start the engine."

In classes with speechless children, the teacher teaches them the simplest onomatopoeia of animals. Already at this stage, it becomes possible to perform small dramatizations, when the teacher takes on the role of the author, and the children pronounce short onomatopoeias. (“Kitten and dog” woof-woof, meow-meow).

Singing syllabic chants is very effective for developing the articulatory apparatus and developing the skills of correct sound pronunciation. It is recommended to clap your hands or tap your finger on your palm for each syllable you practice. Some children need help with the movements of their hands, and also be encouraged to do the exercises not to a soundtrack, but to the teacher singing or reading at a comfortable pace. There are children who can independently perform more complex movements to a soundtrack: walk with their fingers on the table, bend their fingers, throw a ball to the teacher, etc. Singing develops breathing and rhythm in children, and helps develop the intonation side of speech. Singing, combined with movement, forms connections between the hemispheres of the brain and is a necessary stage in the overall development of a child. (E. Zheleznova. Cheerful logorhythmics. Speech therapy rhymes).

The child can alternately connect the fingers of each hand to each other, or straighten each finger in turn, or clench his fingers into a fist and unclench and at this time pronounce the sounds: b-p; etc; k-g.

1. Finger kinesiological exercises (“brain gymnastics”)

Proposed by I. Dennison and G. Dennison. With the help of such exercises, the work of the left hemisphere is compensated. Their implementation requires attention and concentration from the child. “Fist - palm - rib”, “Ear - nose”, “Horizontal figure eight”, “Symmetrical drawings”, “Ring”, etc.

With the help of such exercises, the work of the left hemisphere is compensated. Their implementation requires attention and concentration from the child.

1. “Ring” is a good exercise to perform with a waltz (music in 3/4 time). Alternately move your fingers, connecting the index, middle, etc. into a ring with the thumb smoothly and alternately. The test is performed in direct (from the index finger to the little finger) and in the reverse (from the little finger to the index finger) order. First, the technique is performed with each hand separately, then together, then with the transition from one hand to the other - in this case, we start with the left little finger, reach the index finger, move to the right hand from the index finger, reach the little finger and return back to the left little finger.
2. “Fist-rib-palm” is a good exercise to perform with cheerful marching music, for example, with the well-known song “Geese at Grandma’s.” The child is shown three positions of the hand on the plane of the table, successively replacing each other. Palm on the plane of the table; palm clenched into a fist; palm edge-on on the plane of the table. (You can conditionally call these gestures “stone”, “knife”, “paper” or whatever you like.) First, we learn to perform these movements with separate hands, then together, then with the transition from the left hand to the right.
3. "Mirror drawing". Place a clean sheet of paper on the table (it should be large enough to avoid slipping), or tape it to the surface. Place a pencil or felt-tip pen in both of your baby's hands. Grasp his hands with your hands and begin to draw mirror-symmetrical drawings with both hands at the same time. It’s good to draw while listening to any calm, smooth music. Don’t forget to write captions on the drawing and read them later.
4. “Symmetrical drawings” - draw mirror-symmetrical drawings in the air with both hands (it’s better to start with a round object: apple, watermelon, etc.) The main thing is that the child looks at his hand while “drawing”.
5. “Horizontal eight” - draw the number eight in the air in the horizontal plane three times - first with one hand, then with the other, then with both hands,

1. Finger exercises combined with self-massage of the hands and fingers.

These exercises use traditional massage movements - kneading, rubbing, pressing, pinching (from the periphery to the center), with objects.

In conclusion, I would like to note that consistent, systematic work on solving the problems of music education in combination with solving correctional problems develops children’s imagination, their creative activity, teaches a conscious attitude towards perceived music, emotional and dynamic understanding of movements, promotes the development and correction of the motor sphere , sensory abilities, helps prevent and eliminate speech disorders in children.

Game massage is the basis for hardening and healing the child’s body. By performing self-massage exercises in a playful way, children get joy and good mood. Such exercises contribute to the formation in the child of a conscious desire for health, developing the skill of self-improvement.

A useful massage technique in finger games is vibration, which includes patting, chopping, tapping, shaking, shaking, tapping, etc. This has a strong effect on the nervous system. Weak vibration increases muscle tone, and strong vibration reduces increased tone and relieves nervous excitability.

1. “Construction” of various items and objects from fingers.

1. Finger games with poetic accompaniment.

The rhythm of speech, especially the rhythm of poems, sayings, and proverbs, contributes to the development of coordination, general and fine voluntary motor skills. Movements become smoother, more expressive, and rhythmic. With the help of poetic rhythmic speech, the correct tempo of speech and breathing rhythm are developed, speech hearing and speech memory are developed. The poetic form always attracts children with its liveliness and emotionality, setting children up for play without special settings. Finger games, developed on folklore material, are most useful for the development of a child. They are informative, fascinating, and literate in their didactic content.

Games that encourage children to be creative are remembered faster because they are in poetic form. "Visiting the cat."

An important place in rhythm classes is occupied by speech and finger games , which are performed as songs or spoken to music. They are simple and accessible to children and do not require long learning – that’s why they are valuable. At the same time, such games develop the child’s speech and motor skills, increase the coordination abilities of the fingers (preparation for drawing, writing), combine finger plasticity with expressive melodic and speech intonation, and form figurative and associative thinking based on Russian folk art. They help distribute or relieve muscle fatigue and fit perfectly into various entertainment and holidays. In addition, it is an acquaintance of children with the poetry of the wonderful poets Stepanova, Druzhinina, Barto, Alexandrova. The children are happy to repeat small funny poems to music, accompanying their speech with simple movements and game elements. I often come up with melodies for such picture rhymes myself, add movements according to the text - it turns out to be a small “musical-motor toy”:

— Taking into account the severity of the degree of insufficient differentiation of the fingers of mentally retarded schoolchildren, a series of exercises is proposed to “pronounce” poems with the fingers, for example, “The Old Crab”, “Six Kittens”; games-tasks for differentiation of finger movements; exercises for depicting fairy-tale characters using finger designs.

— Taking into account impairments in hand motor skills and hand flexibility in abnormal schoolchildren, choreographic exercises are provided for various positions of the palms and forearms, as well as clapping and accentuated abductions; imitation exercises with hands of natural phenomena.

Exercises are carried out to perform the rhythmic pattern of songs and phrases in a wide variety of ways: movements of the arms, legs, speech. Using your fingers, you can stage rhyming stories and nursery rhymes. Reading poems, nursery rhymes, and songs in class is an important methodological technique. The word directs and organizes the actions of children.

Drawing with a finger or the entire palm is very important in the development of fine motor skills of the hands and fingers.

8.Finger games with musical accompaniment.

In such games, the synthesis of movement, speech and music pleases children and allows these games to be played most effectively. "Orange".

The “Games to Music” section includes exercises that teach children to convey the nature of animal movement and human activity.

Theatrical fairy tale games, staging and improvisation of songs, game exercises for combining movement and words, and exercises for continuing a given rhythm are used. It is advisable to use games with song or speech accompaniment, as they contribute to the development of both general and speech motor skills of students.

The exercises are performed with special musical accompaniment, which has an additional effect on brain activity. Also, thanks to music or singing, you can regulate the speed of the exercise, as well as the emphasis on strong beats.

9. Gesture imitative games , very clear and easy to perform for children. "Giraffes have spots"

Gesture finger games for speech development are the telling of poetic texts using the hands. For such games you can use small rhymes, counting rhymes, and songs. For starters, ready-made poems with drawings of gestures are suitable. Read a poem to your child and then show him the signs. After completing the exercise several times, children will learn the text by heart and relate the words to the movement. First, children perform simple movements (patting, tapping), show an animal figurine with one hand (a bunny, a goat, a baby elephant), and make simple figures from their fingers and palms (a ring, a house, a ladle). Then the children perform different figures and movements with their right and left hands, clench and unclench the fingers of both hands together and alternately, make a figure from both hands, combining the fingers. You can “put on your fingers” any simple children’s poems. Use “standard” ones and come up with your own gestures that only your children can understand.

In finger and sign games, the content of the poem is depicted using the movements of the hands and fingers. Such games put a strain on fine motor skills of the hand, which contributes to the emergence of more subtle, differentiated movements and affects the development of the tactile sense.

Finger gymnastics - finger riddles. You show the figure with your fingers, and they guess what kind of object it is and repeat your movement. First you show the figures, and then the children. You can come up with your own figures. The figures should be understandable and recognizable to children. Figures that can be drawn with fingers in dialogues and fairy tales: “The bunny beats the drum.”

By performing imitative actions to music, children gain the opportunity to become more aware of different situations and roles, develop gross and fine motor skills and speech, and musical accompaniment develops an ear for music and memory.

1. Theater in hand. Allows you to increase overall tone, develop attention and memory, relieve psycho-emotional stress. ( "Octopus", "Butterfly", "Fairy Tale", "Bunny", "Goat", "Cat", "Hen", "Mouse")

An interesting exercise in finger gymnastics is finger theater. It allows you to stage rhymed stories and fairy tales using your fingers, which attracts children. Many games require the participation of both hands, which allows children to navigate the concepts of “right”, “left”, “up”, “down”, etc.

Scientists attach great importance to the finger theater because it is an exercise:

- stimulates the development of fine motor skills;

— develops small muscles of the hand;

— introduces the child to such concepts as shape, color, size;

— helps to develop spatial perception (concepts: right, left, next to each other, etc.);

- develops imagination, memory, thinking and attention;

- helps develop vocabulary and activates speech functions;

– develops creative abilities and artistic skills;

Games with a finger puppet theater develop a child’s curiosity, imagination, communication skills, interest in creativity, help cope with shyness, promote the development of memory, attention, perseverance, and broaden his horizons.

Games with finger puppets are used at various stages of correctional work - in developing skills in understanding spoken speech, inducing sound imitations and amorphous words in speechless children, developing skills in constructing a phrase and retelling a text. In this case, various types of exercises are used: finger exercises, pronouncing onomatopoeia, staging fairy tales, nursery rhymes, finishing poems. For example, finger gymnastics “Merry Dancing”. The teacher invites the children to put their favorite doll on their fingers and perform movements accompanied by music and poetic text.

1. Finger games based on fairy tales.

Such complexes of finger games can increase overall tone, develop attention and memory, and relieve psycho-emotional stress. When working with children, you can use a ready-made finger theater, also a finger theater in the form of small knitted caps, which gives a double effect - massage of the phalanges of the fingers, you can also draw fairy tale characters on the pads of your fingers and play out the fairy tale with pleasure with the children.

When working with children with intellectual disabilities, combining fairy tale therapy with finger exercises .

Combining two methods in one lesson will allow you to achieve several goals at the same time. Finger gymnastics makes it possible to solve a child’s speech problems and stimulates his speech development. And fairytale therapy solves mental and emotional problems.

The fairy tale allows you to present finger exercises in the form of a game, theater, and interest the child. Finger gymnastics, in turn, helps the child better understand the meaning of the fairy tale, follow its plot and characters, and visualize the fairy tale.

In classes, finger games are most often performed to the accompaniment of music - like sing-alongs, songs, accompanied by the display of illustrations, finger or shadow theater. A special place is occupied by “finger tales” - familiar to schoolchildren - “Rukavichka”, “Teremok”, “Kolobok”, etc. They are adapted to be shown with hand movements and most often have a poetic form.

Regular inclusion of finger games and fairy tales in the course of classes: stimulates the action of the speech zones of the cerebral cortex of children; improves attention and memory; forms associative-figurative thinking; Makes it easier for students to learn writing skills.

1. Finger games with objects.

They develop thinking, increase muscle elasticity, cause positive emotions and persistent interest in activities. Some games are presented using: squeak toys, a soft ball with spikes, clothespins.

To expand the motor capabilities of the fingers, children can be offered exercises for manipulative actions with objects (balls of various sizes, gymnastic sticks, jump ropes, weighted bags, etc.). The teacher’s verbal accompaniment of the child’s objective actions, naming objects, their properties, purpose, position in space, and the sequence of actions performed, contributes to the development of children’s own speech.

During the lessons, to develop the accuracy and speed of finger movements, a variety of sports equipment is used: balls of different sizes, materials, textures, and functional purposes; rings, sticks, flags, etc. This allows you to expand motor experience, taking into account the individual characteristics of mentally retarded schoolchildren, enrich muscle sense, visual, tactile sensitivity in the process of actions with objects, expand the range of movements of the hand and fingers.

Finger gymnastics can be performed both without objects and with small objects. Finger gymnastics: games with clothespins.

Playing with clothespins develops hand strength and coordinated movements. Learning to use clothespins in games is not very easy for a child. Therefore, you need to go in small steps in a certain sequence. First, attach clothespins to the edge of a toy bucket or box and teach them to remove them by pressing the tip of the clothespin with two fingers at the same time. Remember that removing clothespins is always easier than attaching them. Therefore, you need to start with just such finger gymnastics exercises. Then show your baby how the clothespins open their “mouth.” Tell her that you need to press hard on the clothespin so that she opens her mouth. You can call the clothespins “crocodiles” and show how our crocodiles open their mouths strongly. If the baby is already able to press the clothespin with the required force and open and close it, then show other exercises with clothespins and include them in finger gymnastics.

13.Exercises with children's musical instruments begin with preparatory exercises. As preparatory exercises, we suggest using exercises aimed at developing fine movements of the fingers in a playful manner, combined with a speech text. At the same time, rhythmic and rhyming verses are selected so that children remember them better and faster. These exercises are called exercises for the development of fine motor skills while simultaneously developing articulatory motor skills.

Exercises with children's musical instruments are aimed at developing fine muscles of the fingers and relieving tension or lethargy in the hands. (Warm-up “Musical Instruments” by E. Zheleznov)

14. Finger gymnastics for the development of rhythm and musical tempo ( children should rhythmically clap their hands on quarters and eighths of any song). The sense of rhythm largely develops through musically rhythmic movements. (“Warm-up” lyrics and music by E. Makshantseva).

Elements of finger gymnastics are present in musical-rhythmic dances and song-games. (Song-game based on the Zheleznovs’ method “I’ll take the bear in my arms”)

15. Finger gymnastics can be combined with articulation, breathing, exercises for the development of gross motor skills and general developmental exercises.

You can start with simple exercises aimed at developing the ability to freely and naturally perform hand movements.

Finger gymnastics includes a wide variety of exercises and figures that are done using the position of the hands and fingers in space. For it to really develop, you need to choose the right exercises, practice them and make them more difficult.

Finger gymnastics is a system of special exercises and games for the fingers, combined into complexes.

According to international classifications, games that combine finger movements with short rhythmic rhymes are divided into two types:

- actually finger games, sedentary;

- games that, in addition to fine motor activities, include movements of the whole body, jumping, running in place, movements of the arms, legs, and head.

In children with intellectual disabilities, differentiated movements of the hands and fingers are especially difficult; they often do not measure the effort when operating with objects (they squeeze tightly, drop them), the pace of exercises is slow, the fingers are inactive, and the movements are imprecise.

Of particular importance are games that use simultaneous and similar hand movements aimed at developing consistency and coordination of actions. Different types of movements require a higher level of regulation and can be used when mastering the first ones.

To obtain maximum results, exercises should be structured in such a way that compression, stretching, and relaxation of the hand are combined; isolated movements of each finger were used.

The development of a three-link connection of the visual-motor-tactile type serves as the basis for the formation of manipulative and gaming activities.

Preparing and conducting finger gymnastics classes at a preschool educational institution

To perform finger and hand gymnastics for children, no special materials are required.

Theme for drawing “Defender of the Fatherland Day” in the middle groups of preschool educational institutions

Note! The specialist selects exercises based on the age and development level of the group.

Children of the nursery group aged 2-3 years play “animals”, imitating the flapping of the wings of birds or the habits of familiar animals (dog, cat, bear, cockerel, cow). In this case, the teacher first shows the exercises individually, correcting and correcting each one. When this stage is passed, all the studied material is repeated in subgroups.

At the age of 3-4 years, the study of movements that strengthen the hands begins. To do this, tasks are given to depict familiar objects, such as a castle, a hammer, a flower.

4-5 year old children (pupils of the middle group) study both static and dynamic exercises. Gymnastics for fingers in kindergarten is carried out following the example of the teacher, and then the image begins to be modified (the gate opened - the gate closed).

At 5-6 years old (older group), the teacher no longer shows movements, children learn to perceive tasks by ear and reproduce them.

Note! By the sixth year of life, children are happy to organize impromptu “classes” for younger children, based on the exercises they have learned.

By the age of 6-7 years, classes take on the format of an imagination game. Taking an already familiar position, the child must tell the story associated with it, and also modify the position of his hands during his speech. At the age of six, a child, possessing a remarkable imagination, is able not only to retell a story familiar to him, but also to build his own, relying on visual material.

Approximate time plan for finger gymnastics in different age groups

Following the rules of the Federal State Educational Standard, the timing of finger gymnastics in groups of different ages is different. Class time is counted including warm-up and cool-down:

• 5 minutes - for younger preschoolers (2-4 years). In this case: 1 minute for warming up, 2 - for learning a new game, 1 - for repeating the old one, 1 - for massage with special balls.
• 7-9 minutes - for older preschoolers (5-7 years old). In this case: 1 minute for warming up, 1 - for performing static exercises, 2 - for conducting 2 dynamic games, united by a common theme, from 3 to 5 minutes for performing “finger theater”.

Finger massage

You can start developing baby's hands from birth. The baby himself will begin to show his readiness to engage by squeezing your finger or trying to take the rattle. Have you seen how children grab their legs and pull them towards them? It is at this moment that the baby can begin to develop his hands. A special finger massage will help with this.

Where to begin? Bend your baby's fingers tenderly, accompanying the movements with nursery rhymes or funny rhymes. To make the massage more effective, do not just bend your fingers, but massage them lightly - from the little finger to the thumb. When telling about how “the magpie cooked the porridge,” “cook” it on the child’s palm, making circular movements, with medium intensity. At the same time, repeat the rhymes rhythmically, emotionally, expressively, and clearly pronounce them: the baby must understand what it is about. Watch your timbre and intonation. Pay attention to both palms. For the sound accompaniment of such a massage, folk games played by entire generations of mothers and children are excellent: “Ladushki”, “Goat-dereza”, “Magpie” and others. In principle, any poem, nursery rhyme or song can become the basis for a finger massage. This way, you can not only start developing your baby’s hands, but also have fun.

Finger gymnastics in kindergarten - a card index of games with goals according to the Federal State Educational Standard for the year

Drawing on the theme “Trees in frost” for senior and preparatory groups

In addition to the exercises presented above, the card index can contain tasks on topics of kindergarten, human activity or the objective world around the child.

Important! You can do finger gymnastics at home - on video resources you can see a huge number of examples of performing the exercises. The main thing to remember is that each game should be accompanied by a thematic fairy tale or a short poem. In addition to the exercises presented above, the card index may contain assignments on topics in kindergarten, human activity, or the objective world around the child.

Subgroup lesson

Finger games

Finger games are a useful form of gymnastics for preschool children. These games are recommended for children one year old and older.

Children really like finger games, they develop their hands and strengthen the relationship between mothers and children.

Show your child how to play: prepare funny poems, show the movements, and you will see: the child will be delighted. Finger games also have an educational function: with their help, children learn numbers, learn to count, study body parts, etc.

Let's list the most effective finger games , which are very easy to carry out:

1. "Okay." We remember a nursery rhyme we know from childhood and teach the little one to clap his hands.
2. “Tearing the paper.” This can be done at 7-8 months. Show your child several sheets of colored paper. Let him take them, examine them, try to crush them or tear them apart. The baby will be interested in new manipulations. He will feel the properties of his hands and various objects.
3. "Let's turn the pages." Flipping through a colorful children's book or magazine is not only a fun activity for your baby, but also useful for hand development.
4. "Studying beads." Kids really like to sort through small objects. This is also very useful for pens. Allow your baby to sort through his beads.
5. “We’re sorting through the cereal.” Fill a bowl with cereal and move it towards your baby. Let him dip his hands in there, touch what the grains feel like, and pour them from palm to palm. This game perfectly develops sensorimotor skills.
6. "Patterns in the sand." Place sand on a tray. Show your child how to make patterns with your finger. Take your baby's finger and move it along the sand. Start with simple things - drawing lines, geometric shapes, waves. Gradually make the tasks more difficult.
7. "Lids." Such a simple household game as screwing caps on jars and bottles makes your fingers dexterous.
8. “We dress and put on our shoes ourselves.” This is not a game at all, but the usual inclusion of a child in independent activities. Let him learn to fasten and unfasten buttons, zippers, and tie shoelaces. This will not only help develop fingers faster, but will also teach the baby to care for himself independently. In addition, you can make didactic material with buttons and laces, which will become an excellent simulator.

Advice for parents.

• Games must be safe. They must be supervised by parents.
• You need to play regularly. It's better to do this daily.
• Don't tire your child. Monitor your child’s interest in the game, do not make the lessons excessively long.

Analysis and diagnosis of finger gymnastics in preschool educational institutions

Diagnostics of the exercises carried out consists of 3 stages:

1. The level of development of children's skills in September is recorded;
2. Interim results are measured in the middle of the year (January - February);
3. The results of the effectiveness of finger gymnastics are summed up at the end of the year (June).

Note! Carrying out finger gymnastics allows you to evaluate and correct the coordination of movements and the development of fine motor skills in a playful way for both younger and preschool children.

Development of fine motor skills

Not all parents realize how important it is to work on the fine motor skills of their child’s hands, and even more so, not everyone knows how to do this. Let's take a detailed look at this issue.

Fine motor skills are the ability to make small and precise movements with the hands (fingers, hands). The area of ​​fine motor skills consists of a considerable number of different hand movements - from simple (grabbing something, holding something) to complex (writing technique, drawing).

Developing fine motor skills in children is extremely important, because it contributes to the full development of the child. You need to start doing this as early as possible. First, a small child sees his hands, examines them, makes movements, and tries to control them. Later, the baby tries to independently take objects and hold them - first with his palm, and then with two fingers. As the child develops, he is shown how to hold a spoon or pencil correctly.

“The formation of fine motor skills is closely connected with the formation of the baby’s mental cognitive processes (memory, sensation, perception, attention, imagination, thinking), as well as with the development of speech. Science has proven that the speech and motor centers of the brain are located nearby - which is why stimulating the nerve endings that are located at the tips of the fingers helps to enhance speech development.”

Thanks to the development of fine motor skills, the child develops manual dexterity, beautiful handwriting, and quick reactions. The degree to which fine motor skills are developed determines a preschooler’s readiness for school. If fine motor skills are well developed, it means that the child has everything in order with memory, thinking, and logic.

Fine motor skills are developed in stages. To do this, the child needs to select methods and means of development that are appropriate for his age and skills:

1. From 6 months. You can start training children's fingers from the moment the baby reaches six months of age - in the form of massage and passive movements.
2. From 9 months. Provide your baby with all kinds of cubes, pyramids and rings so that he can sort through them.
3. Preschool age. Offer different types of activities for hands: working with construction sets and mosaics, drawing, modeling, needlework (embroidery, macrame).

Impact on speech development

“Has your child already spoken?”, “What was his first word?”: a young mother can often hear these questions. Such questions are not always pleasing, especially if the baby is still silent. If such a problem occurs, then you need to pay special attention to performing finger exercises.

Child psychologists have long linked the development of speech and fine motor skills.

What is the influence of hand development on speech?

The level of motor development of the hands and fingers is directly related to speech function. Many scientists studying the brain activity of children and their psyche point to the enormous importance of hands and their stimulating effect. Scientists have found that if the fingers are developed in accordance with age, then speech is normal. If the development of hands lags behind the norm, then the child may experience a delay in speech development. The development of speech occurs under the influence of impulses that come from the fingers and enter the center of the brain responsible for the speech sphere. These data gave rise to the use of various stimulating methods of speech development through the development of hand movements. Massage, exercises, games, manipulation of objects, needlework, playing musical instruments - all this improves the child’s hands and fingers, promoting speech development.

"Advice. Select exercises based on the child’s age. Massage is suitable for babies. For younger preschoolers, roll balls of different diameters. For older children – construction, logic games using counting sticks, and creating crafts.”