Science in simple words: explaining why the sky is especially blue in autumn
Walking through the forest among the yellowing trees on an autumn day, you may have been surprised more than once by how bright and seemingly transparent the blue sky was. The autumn sky definitely becomes lighter, higher and more transparent, and this is obviously different from the perception of the sky at other times of the year. Everyone saw this, but not everyone had the persistence to find out why, in fact, this was happening?
Of course, there is an explanation for this phenomenon, and it is easy to find by simply looking at school textbooks or opening a natural science encyclopedia. But don’t worry, we will help you get to the truth much faster and easier.
photo: flickr.com/Pautho
Poems about Autumn
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Autumn. Our whole poor garden is crumbling. Yellowed leaves are flying in the wind; Only in the distance do they show off, there, at the bottom of the clusters of bright red withering rowan trees.
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The birdhouse is empty, the birds have flown away, the leaves on the trees are also not sitting well. All day today Everyone is flying and flying... Apparently, they also want to fly to Africa.
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Here is a maple leaf on a branch. Now it's just like new! All ruddy and golden. Where are you going, leaf? Wait! *** Autumn. (A.S. Pushkin) It’s a sad time! The charm of the eyes I like your farewell beauty. I love the lush decay of nature, the forests dressed in crimson and gold...
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Autumn Autumn whirled, Red snowstorms, Golden leaves flew from the maples, The leaves began to swirl, A colorful round dance began to swirl, The first thin ice glistened in the puddles.
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Poems by E. Trutneva “Autumn”. Suddenly it became twice as bright, the yard was as if in the sun’s rays - This golden dress was on the birch tree’s shoulders. In the morning we go into the yard - The leaves are falling like rain, They rustle under our feet And fly, fly, fly... Cobwebs fly by with spiders in the middle, And cranes fly high from the ground. Everything flies! This must be our summer flying by.
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The bare branches are knocking, the black jackdaws are screaming, the clouds rarely shine - autumn has come. The piece of ice will crunch loudly, the bird will scream subtly, as if asking for food - Autumn has come. The black nests are empty, the bushes have become smaller, the wind carries the leaves: Autumn, autumn, autumn.
Complete the sentence about Autumn
Summer has been replaced by... (golden autumn). The sun peeks out less and less often... (from behind the clouds). The trees put on... (multi-colored outfit). ... (red, yellow) leaves burn in the sun, and then ... (fall, swirl, cover) the earth with a golden carpet. The rain... (drizzles) and makes us hide... (at home). Birds gather in flocks... (and fly away to warmer climes). The animals have no time to frolic, they make... (supplies for the winter). Soon the white-winged winter will come into its own.
Why the sky is blue?
Before answering the question posed in the title, it is necessary to answer the following riddle: why is the sky blue in general?
The answer would be: the sky looks blue because the air scatters short-wavelength light more strongly than long-wavelength light. Because blue light has a shorter wavelength, at the end of the visible spectrum, it is scattered more into the atmosphere than any of the other spectral colors—yellow, green, violet, and so on.
In more scientific terms, this is called diffuse celestial radiation - solar radiation reaching the earth's surface after it has been scattered by molecules or particulate matter in the atmosphere.
Sunlight is the result of a combination of different colors with different wavelengths. Red light has the longest wavelength, while blue and violet have the shortest wavelength
By the way, since the Sun can be in different places in the sky, the rays emitted by the luminary will hit the Earth at different angles. This means that the visible spectrum of rays passing through the Earth’s atmosphere will be different.
“During dusk and dawn, direct sunlight passes tangentially to the earth's surface, so that the path traveled by light in the atmosphere becomes much longer than during the day. Because of this, most of the blue and even green light is scattered to the sides from direct sunlight, so the direct light of the sun, as well as the clouds it illuminates and the sky near the horizon, are colored red.” - Wikipedia.
photo: wikipedia.org
You can read more about the phenomenon of scattering (Rayleigh scattering, which got its name from the British physicist John William Strutt Rayleigh) and absorption of sunlight by the earth's atmosphere here.
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What kind of sun is it in autumn?
So, summer has gone into oblivion.
The time has come for clouds and rain, gradually rolling towards the cold. Do you remember? Imagine that we thought for a moment and raised our eyes to the luminary. The sun in autumn... How welcome it is! After a bright summer, there is so little warmth. This lack is sometimes felt more strongly than hunger. Because literally our entire body strives for the rays. Every cell yearns for the gentle rays. It's also sad! Why? Yes, the Sun just moved away from the Earth. It perceives this distance, which we perceive as a decrease in the intensity of heat, differently. It seems that it misses the green planet. The luminary lacks the radiation of its inhabitants. And on a gloomy and cloudy day, what comes to mind? What is the sun like in autumn? Amazing! It will peek out from behind the clouds, like a smile on the face of a capricious child. I immediately want to live and create. Now autumn is approaching winter. Gloomy days wander in continuous succession. And it seems that he forgot about the planet Sun in the fall. “Which luminary?” - you ask. - “We’ve already forgotten what it looks like.” So, is the autumn sun greedy? It's so rare for us
looks in. Or it is tired and needs rest.
So why does the sky turn especially blue in the fall?
Overall, it all comes back to how light travels through the atmosphere and reaches our eyes.
photo: flickr.com/BLEUnord
In autumn, the sun's rays cross the sky closer to the horizon (the Sun is not as high above the horizon), further allowing white light to split into spectra with different shades of blue (some of the shortest wavelengths) predominating.
At the same time, red and green light levels are reduced, making blue light even purer.
The decrease in temperature also reduces the humidity that accumulates in the sky, clearing the lower layers of the atmosphere from haze, allowing you to see the sky more clearly, without unnecessary distractions.
Finally, to make this process even more obvious, there is another factor regarding trees and leaves: compared to the green shades, the golden and orange shades typical of autumn contrast more noticeably with the blue color, making it even more vivid from the psychophysical side of human perception of reality .
Video taken from YouTube channel “GalileoRU”
Sunset in autumn
Every day parting with a luminary is like breaking up with a loved one. There is no certainty that it will return tomorrow. The sun can, offended by something of its own, simply hide behind the clouds. Like a capricious prima donna, she went backstage and didn’t come out for the applause. So it leaves the earth under the cover of the atmosphere. Or maybe for a long time and leisurely leaving the expanses of the controlled atmosphere. When leaving, it examines nature, like a zealous owner drawing up a work plan for tomorrow.
In autumn, our luminary becomes mannered and important. It gave all the affection in the summer. Now he himself needs rest and attention. This is what happens, have you noticed? In the summer, people complain about the heat, become capricious and swear. Where does their anger go in the fall? At this time, everyone falls in love with a random ray of light, quickly learning to thank the huge luminary for every visit. Its tenderness in autumn is especially beautiful!
The sky appears “higher” or “lower” in autumn
As for the “high” or “low” autumn sky, this is determined not only by the more pastel, light shades of the sky, but also mainly by cloudiness.
So, in clear, warm weather in the fall, cirrus and cirrostratus clouds can be observed in the sky. They are due to the high altitude in the sky and visually raise the sky above observers on the ground.
When it rains and the sky is clouded with clouds, the latter are located quite low above the ground. Sometimes low cloudiness (half a kilometer to a kilometer) can persist for weeks in the autumn, which puts pressure on people not only physically (visually), but also morally. That’s why on days like these people say that the sky is low and heavy.
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Cover: maineaudubon.org
Sunrise in autumn
When the luminary, tired of summer work, shows its face, it is a real holiday. It no longer throws all its rays into a gentle attack on nature. It surveys from its height the results of past work. Looking into every corner of the Earth, it evaluates what requires urgent intervention and where it is possible not to appear. Have you not paid attention to the fact that sometimes the Sun comes out for a minute and does not appear all day. This means that nature does not need his greatness today. And there are days when it shows almost summer activity. So, it decided that it wasn’t finished. Nature needs its life-giving energy. In autumn, the luminary importantly rolls out from behind the horizon. It radiates not only energy, but also contentment
long-standing works. And even a little sadness from the inevitable parting.
Mysteries of Autumn
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Gold coins hanging on a branch. (Autumn leaves)
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In the morning we go into the yard - Leaves are falling like rain, rustling under our feet and flying, flying, flying... (leaf fall)
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She came without paints and without a brush and repainted all the leaves. (Autumn)
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She brings us the harvest, re-seeds the fields, sends birds to the south, covers the trees, but does not touch the spruces and pines, because it is.. (Autumn)
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Who is this gardener? I watered the cherries and gooseberries, I watered the plums and flowers, I washed the herbs and leaves. And when dusk came, they told us on the radio that tomorrow he would come and water our garden. (Rain)
Signs of autumn. Trees and leaves in autumn presentation for the lesson (preparatory group)
Slide 1
Signs of autumn Trees and leaves in autumn
Slide 2
To form an idea of autumn as a time of year, of the essential signs of the season: cooling, shorter daylight hours, cold, prolonged precipitation. Introduce into the child's active dictionary: nouns: autumn, rain, fog, cloud, leaf fall, bad weather, dampness, names of trees (birch, rowan, oak, maple, spruce, aspen, pine); verbs: advance, turn yellow, blush, fall, blow, pour, wither, drizzle, frown, sprinkle, fly around; adjectives: gloomy, yellow, colorful, rainy, dull, cloudy, torrential; adverbs: wet, damp, stormy, cloudy, gloomy, windy, clear, sunny; Tasks :
Slide 3
oz.ru Recommendations for parents: While walking with your child, observe changes in nature: the sun (how it warmed in the summer, how it warms now). Pay attention to the sun's daily path. for precipitation, for cloudiness. Notice the cool winds blowing, bringing rain and cloudy weather. behind the sky (more and more often the sky is gloomy, gray, covered with heavy clouds) behind people’s clothes (what has changed, compare clothes in summer and autumn)
Slide 4
Finger gymnastics: Autumn leaves are scattered, The child makes wave-like movements with his palms. I painted them with a brush. Makes smooth movements with palms up and down. We'll go to the autumn park. “Walks” with the fingers of both hands. We will collect leaves into bouquets. Crosses palms with fingers spread out. Maple leaf, aspen leaf, oak leaf, rowan leaf, red poplar leaf. The child alternately bends his fingers, starting with the thumb, on both hands at the same time. He jumped down onto the path. Claps his hands.
Slide 5
Count the leaves One oak leaf, two oak leaves..., five oak leaves. In the same way, the child counts maple, birch, linden, aspen and other leaves. Be sure to pay attention to the agreement of Numerals with adjectives and nouns. Correct the sentence The birch leaves on the maple tree are turning yellow. When it rains, it's dry outside. Continue the sentence In autumn, oak trees shed their leaves,...(maple, willow, poplar...) The wind swirls the leaves of birch,...(aspen, linden, oak...) Say the opposite: Old oak -.... Thin aspen - .... Tall spruce –…. There were a lot of... (acorns) under the oak tree
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Three sheets Lay out three different leaves (or pictures of leaves). Invite your child to name the leaves and say where they lie. For example: “An oak leaf is between a maple and a birch leaf” “A maple leaf is to the right of a rowan leaf and to the left of an oak leaf” “A birch leaf lies next to a maple leaf”, etc.
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12/20/21 https://aida.ucoz.ru Invite your child to guess the riddles and explain what helped him solve them.
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She puts on a golden cloak, She says goodbye to the warm summer, Sends birds to distant lands, Leaves rain and fog for us.
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autumn
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The mischievous rake flew over the forest, flapped his wings and shook off a leaf from the tree.
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wind
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He is walking, and we are running, He will catch up anyway! We rush into the house to take shelter, There will be a knock on our window, And a knock and a knock on the roof! No, we won’t let you in, dear friend!
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rain
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Maple, oak, aspen leaf They held hands together. They started spinning and rushing away. Both the forest and the garden turned yellow. Have you found out...
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l i s t o p a d
Slide 16
12.20.21 https://aida.ucoz.ru Get a complete answer from your child to the questions asked. Read the story to your child, ask questions, and offer to retell the text. Forest in autumn In summer the forest was green. Now the birches and maples are yellow. Red aspens. Between them the fir trees are green. The wind will blow. Leaves will swirl in the air like butterflies. Then quietly, quietly they fall to the ground. Herbs and flowers wither. Their seeds fall to the ground. Next year, new plants will grow from the seeds. Questions: 1. What time of year is the story talking about? 2. What color was the forest in summer? 3. What color did the birch and maple trees become in the fall? 4. What color did the aspen trees turn in autumn? 5. Which trees have not changed their color? 6. How do the leaves swirl in the air?
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12/20/21 https://aida.ucoz.ru She turned green in the spring, sunbathed in the summer, wore red corals in the fall.
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ROWAN
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12/20/21 https://aida.ucoz.ru Yellow and red clothes, Each leaf is like the palm of your hand. In autumn it is brightest. Did you guess it? This…
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12/20/21 https://aida.ucoz.ru Maple
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12.20.21 https://aida.ucoz.ru The trees stand in the forest, Even on a quiet day they tremble. Along the winding path rustling leaves...
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12.20.21 https://aida.ucoz.ru Osinki
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12/20/21 https://aida.ucoz.ru He will stand up in the forest like a knight and give you acorns on time. Both the forester and the lumberjack are familiar with him. This…
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12/20/21 https://aida.ucoz.ru OAK
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12.20.21 What leaves are hidden in the picture?
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Test questions on the topic: 1. Remember the names of at least 7 trees. 2. Name the leaves of a poplar - ..., of an oak - ..., of an aspen - ..., of a maple - ..., of a birch - ...., of a willow - ... 3. What is superfluous and why? Autumn, leaf fall, snowflake, rain. Oak, birch, autumn, aspen. Cloudy, rainy, frosty, stormy. 4. Draw 3 leaves so that the yellow is between the red and green. 5. Guess the riddle: A bag of water flew above me, above you, ran into a distant forest, became thin and disappeared. (cloud and rain) 6. Choose the right word: turn red, turn yellow, fall - .... pours, drizzles, drips -....
