7 exercises to develop speed reading skills at home

How to learn to read faster

People who want to become professionals in their field must work through a huge amount of information. In addition, there are so many interesting books in the world, and I would like to read everything, but I am sorely short of time. There is a way out - learn to read quickly. And this is possible: Napoleon Bonaparte, Honore de Balzac, Albert Einstein, John Kennedy, Maxim Gorky and others read quickly, up to 2 thousand words per minute. For example, Napoleon read one rather voluminous book every morning before breakfast, managing to mark important things in its margins. thoughts for him.

And former American President Theodore Roosevelt, who reads at incredible speed, developed his own method of speed reading, which is now successfully used by those who want to learn it.

It could be argued that reading quickly reduces reading comprehension and retention. But practice shows that the opposite is true: with normal reading, approximately half of the information is absorbed, while with speed reading, 70-80%.

Why does this happen? Because fast reading requires more concentration than normal reading, during which we read less carefully. We have parallel thoughts: we think about current affairs, for example, that it’s time to turn off the refrigerator, about the upcoming vacation, or our thoughts return to past events. It is not surprising that reading progress is slow, and new information is poorly remembered.

You can master speed reading methods at special trainings: 5 lessons of 3.5-4 hours are enough. Their advantage lies not only in the fact that the classes are taught by specialists, but also in the fact that, firstly, the person who paid for the training is unlikely to want to voluntarily skip classes. Secondly, teachers form pairs of students, making classes more effective. Thus, the one who risks missing class will let his partner down - the obligation to him will serve as an additional incentive not to shy away from classes.

You can learn to speed read on your own. To do this, you just need a great desire, faith in the result and daily training. And if many people have the desire, then with faith it will be more difficult. Let's remember how children learn to ride a bicycle: those who think they will fall actually fall; those who are sure that they will go straight away somehow miraculously keep their balance and go. We believe that we can do it!

As for training, we do special exercises every day for 30-40 minutes for 21 days. Psychologists believe that it takes so long to get rid of an old habit and instill a new one.

For exercises, you need to choose a convenient time and place so that nothing distracts you from reading. It is useless to do this, for example, in the subway, where it is impossible to concentrate.

Definition of speed reading

The development of speed reading allows schoolchildren and students to spend less time on homework, preparing for exams, and searching for material for essays and dissertations. The ability to read quickly is also useful for adults, because in many professions they have to deal with a large flow of information.

There are several approaches to the question of how to develop reading speed. Many of them are based on the fact that this speed depends on the order in which information is read, and it can be rearranged. At school, children are taught to read according to a certain pattern: first individual syllables, then words that form sentences, and finally a meaningful test.

Having matured, many continue to use the same algorithm: word - sentence - text. But our brain also has access to a more complex order that will help save time. Let's look at how to master speed reading using specific exercises and techniques.

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Rapid serial visual presentation, RSVP

Rapid sequential visual presentation is a method somewhat similar to reading without pauses.
However, it is not the reader himself who is responsible for the absence of pauses between the demonstration of words, but the application. RSVP is a display method where words or groups of words are shown on the screen in “small chunks”. There is a lot of debate surrounding this technology as there are studies both for and against it. RSVP application developers often base their argument on the fact that “only 20% of the time during the reading process is spent comprehending the text, and 80% is spent moving the eye across the page.” Therefore, a technique that allows you to fix your gaze at one point should significantly save the reader’s time.

Here scientists can argue: in reality, our “process of understanding” a text does not stop for a minute (we think about the text when we read it, and when we move our eyes from one group of words to another, and when we pause to “digest” what we read) . So RSVP techniques may indeed save us some time, but they certainly won't increase our reading speed by 80%.

However, there are more convincing arguments in favor of RSVP techniques. For example, studies of the Spritz technique claim that the basis for the success of this technique is not only the sequential display of small portions of words on the screen, but also the correct alignment of words and the selection of the correct speed and rhythm of their output.

Speed ​​and rhythm do play an important role here: as speed increases, Rayner says, our ability to perceive and process what we see decreases. As a result, the reader ceases to understand what he is actually reading about.

In addition, the application does not “know” which words will be familiar to the reader and which ones he sees for the first time (the same “internal dictionary”), so it cannot adapt the speed of information output taking this factor into account. But during “regular reading,” we automatically hold our gaze longer on less familiar words in order to remember them and expand our “vocabulary.”

All this is complicated by the fact that in the case of most applications that work on the RSVP mechanics, it is not so easy for the user to “rewind the text” - as a rule, such an option is possible, but during normal reading, it is, of course, much easier for us to return to what we read .

Verdict

: Rapid Sequential Visual Presentation techniques actually help you read faster, at least by reducing eye movement across the screen. However, as the speed at which words are displayed on the screen increases, the quality of our perception may deteriorate - in fact, the faster words are displayed, the less the reader will remember. Due to the fact that in applications it is impossible to hold your gaze longer on all unfamiliar words and it is difficult to rewind the text, this method is unlikely to be suitable for studying a new, complex discipline.

For the same reasons, it can be difficult to use for reading fiction - a Lifehacker columnist, for example, noted that the RSVP method can help you process a lot of information, but it will not be easy to feel the pleasure of reading with it. Therefore, The Atlantic advises using it to read news items and short articles - that is, texts that do not require a deep dive into the topic. If you do decide to try this method, look towards the applications from these lists: and.

What is considered fast reading: standards and records

For a first-grader, by the end of the school year, a reading speed of 25 to 40 words per minute is considered normal.

By the end of 4th grade, a child should read from 90 to 120 words per minute or more.

In middle and high schools, reading technique is not tested, but it is believed that the average teenager and adult reads about 180 words per minute.

A high indicator can be called a result of 400 sl/min. Speed ​​reading training helps improve average results by 2-3 times or more.

Why does a child read slowly?

There are other reasons, besides the innate pace of activity, as a result of which a child’s reading technique is “lame”. The most common of them are:

• the child fails to concentrate (by the end of the sentence he forgets what happened at the beginning);
• insufficient size of the operational field of vision (concentrates on 2-3 letters, which he reads without seeing the whole word);
• weak vocabulary;
• problems with the articulatory system and diction;
• lack of interest in reading;
• visual regression (returns with the eyes to words that have already been read);
• difficult text (not suitable for age).

Reading speed standards for grades 1-4 (words per minute)

Interesting fact! According to the Guinness Book of Records for 1990, Howard Berg was declared the fastest reader in the world, who announced a result of 25,000 words per minute. Outwardly, such reading should look like ordinary page turning. But doubts arose about the reliability of this record back in the 1990s, and as a result, Howard was banned from advertising his speed reading courses.

More realistic data was obtained by Ronald Carver, a professor at the University of Missouri in Kansas City, who studied speed reading in the 1980s. For testing, he invited the winners of specialized competitions, editors of magazines and newspapers - in short, people who can quickly work with texts. But in the end it turned out that when understanding the text at least 75%, none of the participants was able to overcome the barrier of 600 words/min. Yes, this result is much above average, but it is very far from the record. This is probably what you should expect when mastering speed reading techniques.

What's behind the impressive results of speed readers?

Unfortunately, the outstanding results of many speed readers (with the exception of Kim Peak) are due to their ego, and not to their real capabilities.
The same Carver notes that Kennedy’s achievements in reality could have been more modest - most likely, he could read at a speed of 500-600 words per minute, and skim the text at a speed of about 1000 words per minute (although this is still two times faster than “normal” reading). How then did the figure of 1200 words per minute come about? Kennedy biographer Richard Reeves believes that it was actually “pulled out of thin air,” as one of the Time magazine reporters who worked in the White House suggested. The reporter contacted the Evelyn Wood School, where Kennedy studied speed reading, but did not receive the results of his final test - it was not administered because Kennedy did not complete the course.

As for other outstanding results, the 1963 study (the case of a speed reader reading 17,040 words per minute) is anecdotal. At that time, specialized tests were not used to record achievements, and the results were based on the test taker's self-assessment - which is unlikely to be accurate.

The same applies to the achievements of Howard Berg. According to Mark Pennington, a reading expert, “The Guinness Book of World Records at that time was not known for cross-checking the records they published, and this record was not recorded by them personally. They took Berg at his word, and he probably just made up his own record.”

By the way, in 1998, Berg was prosecuted by the US Federal Trade Commission for “false” and “misleading” marketing practices related to the sale of his reading speed products. As a result, Berg was prohibited from advertising his product as "a system that allows anyone - a child, an adult, a person with a disability - to learn to read at a speed of 800 words per minute or higher."

What prevents us from reading quickly?

To understand how to read quickly, you need to understand how this process generally occurs. What do we do while reading? We follow the text with our eyes, but not linearly, but in leaps and bounds - we fixate on one group of words, then move on to the next, and sometimes we stop to comprehend or move back. These movements (called saccades) take only a few fractions of a second, but they occur continuously, so they generally slow down reading.

One of the speed reading techniques is based on eliminating these “jumps”. Experts advise to continuously monitor where your gaze is directed and train the skill of linear movement - word by word, without running forward or going back.

For a child, this approach will initially reduce the reading speed even more, but gradually a habit will be developed and he will be able to look at two or three words at once. This method will not make him a record holder, but it will help him read faster and remember information better.

In addition to the habit of jumping through the text, there are several other factors that affect reading speed:

• Limited field of view - our eyes are designed to accommodate only 5-30° of central vision. Everything else is perceived by peripheral vision, which is much less developed. Everything that does not fall into the visible area is simply “completed” by the brain according to the available data. Therefore, you cannot read the entire page in a matter of seconds, but you can learn to understand the meaning of the text from individual phrases.
• Subvocalization or pronouncing words - even when reading silently, a child can mentally pronounce the text, since he lacks the skill to perceive words as visual images and instantly grasp their essence. To get rid of subvocalization, you can simply read more, but speed reading lessons will still be more effective.
• Problems with concentration - low reading speed in younger schoolchildren may be associated with a poorly developed ability to focus on a task. This happens when a child is often distracted, “has his head in the clouds” or cannot sit still. This can be either a sign of ADHD (attention deficit disorder), or the consequences of stress, poor sleep, or lack of discipline. The skill of concentration can also be developed.

Goals and objectives of the course

This course is designed to master the skill of fast reading, which is necessary to increase the efficiency of studying Internet resources, information articles, newspapers, magazines, fiction and popular science literature, textbooks, etc.

However, speed reading has some other benefits, and our course will allow you to take full advantage of them. Along with actually increasing your reading speed, our course will help you :

These are just the most obvious benefits of speed reading, and as you complete the course and apply the knowledge in practice, you will notice other bonuses of mastering such a valuable skill. And now let's talk in more detail about what speed reading is and who and where it can be useful.

Speed ​​reading methods and techniques

We looked at the main factors that interfere with reading. They will also be a hint to the question of how to increase reading speed without significant losses in understanding the text. Reading a page quickly but mechanically is a completely pointless exercise, and most speed reading methods are aimed at ensuring that a child or adult retains 50-75% understanding of the material.

Suppression of subvocalization

If a child has acquired the habit of mentally speaking a text, he will read to himself at the same speed as he reads out loud. One of the effective ways to get rid of such pronunciation is Zhinkin’s rhythm. This is a short rhythmic composition that was created by psychologist N. Zhinkin during research into inner speech.

The peculiarity of the rhythm is that it does not coincide with the melody of the Russian language, which has variable stress. Tapping it with your hand creates a zone of inductive inhibition around Broca's area, the area of ​​the brain responsible for motor speech.

This, figuratively speaking, turns off the speech motor channel and makes it impossible to mentally pronounce the text. The brain learns sensory perception - processing information received in the form of a visual image, without pronunciation.

This speed reading technique is suitable for children and adults. It is not necessary to know musical notation, you can simply do it, and the child will easily master it in a few minutes. But don't worry: your child won't have to tap his finger or pencil on the table all the time. About 20 hours of practice is enough for the brain to restructure itself and subsequently perceive the text without pronunciation.

Development of peripheral vision

The field of central vision is very limited, and this makes it difficult to perceive the entire page of text, or even one line. However, you can combat this by training your peripheral vision. To expand the “visible zone” of the text, wedge-shaped tables are used. This is another speed reading technique that is useful for children and adults.

How to work with the table : Have your child read the side numbers while looking only at the center column. You need to move along the table from top to bottom, keeping your gaze in the center and trying not to move your eyes to the right and left.

Speed ​​reading simulators for children can be aimed at expanding the field of vision not only horizontally, but also vertically. In order to increase the viewing angle from above and below, you need to move your eyes along the following table and at the same time keep your gaze on the central line.

If there are no difficulties with numbers, move on to syllables. It will be more difficult for a child to perceive two symbols on each side at the same time. But since the syllables form words, the brain’s ability to “complete” the missing information will come into play.

Why is this necessary : ​​the habit of using only central vision leads to the fact that the child reads the text one word at a time. For example, in order to understand the meaning of the sentence “The grass is greener in spring,” he must first imagine spring, then read about grass, and then recall the color green.

As a result, in order to perceive the text, three visual images must successively replace each other and be combined into one. If the child can see the entire sentence, an image of green spring grass will immediately appear in his head, which will significantly speed up the process.

PhotoReading Technique

This method of reading received such a name because the reader seems to “photograph” the page with his gaze, trying to grasp the essence of the material. It is suitable for situations when you need to look through a large number of texts on a familiar topic in search of the necessary information. Documents and scientific literature on unfamiliar topics should not be read this way - there is a high risk of missing something important.

How to use PhotoReading:

• study the structure of the text - look at the table of contents and subheadings, creating a general idea of ​​the material;
• On each page, look at small text arrays, blocks, lists, highlighting key phrases;
• Having gone through the material to the end and presented its essence, return to important places to read them more carefully.

In most books and articles, the proportion of important phrases is up to 20%. By focusing your attention on them, you can not only develop speed reading skills, but also learn how to structure information.

Diagonal reading technique

This method is often used by those who independently understand how to learn speed reading. It is believed that Theodore Roosevelt, Vladimir Lenin, and John Kennedy read a huge amount of literature with its help. Diagonal reading is essentially similar to photographic reading, but using peripheral vision.

How to read "diagonally":

• draw a mental line from the top left corner of the page to the bottom right;
• move your gaze along this diagonal, trying to take in as many words as possible at the same time;
• do not read into individual words, create a holistic image of the material;
• highlight key phrases and skip phrases without meaning;
• Do not return to individual pieces of text until you have read the material in its entirety.

This reading technique, like the previous one, is mainly suitable for texts on a familiar topic. At the same time, it is poorly applicable for children, because a child is unlikely to be able to grasp the essence of the material from individual phrases.

Reading "diagonally"

Under this collective name, several speed reading techniques can be combined: firstly, reading “zigzags” (zigzag movements of the gaze along the page), and secondly, “covering” the entire page, “at one glance.”
According to speed readers who practice these techniques, this approach allows them to read using their peripheral vision. What scientists say: reading this way is hardly possible. The whole problem is in that very peripheral vision. Scientists prove that peripheral vision (with all its advantages) does not allow us to adequately perceive and recognize text - in such conditions we simply cannot read it.

We can only read text that falls within the area of ​​our foveal vision (central 1.5–2° visual field): for comparison, our thumb falls approximately into this area if we extend our arm in front of us. Therefore, the human eye cannot read a paragraph or even an entire page - you simply will not see the text.

When “reading diagonally,” our gaze picks out individual words or phrases, which does not allow us to read fully. However, using this approach, we can, for example, get some idea of ​​the material if we have already read it at some point and the text has not been changed since then

.

Verdict

: physiologically this type of reading is impossible.

You can read slightly faster than 500 words per minute, but you are limited by the capabilities of your eyes and the anatomy of your retina.
To understand text, you need to move your eyes so that your foveal vision is in the area [of the page] you want to focus on. Outside this area, visual acuity is noticeably lower - you cannot distinguish words and text far beyond the central field of vision. This is a factor that limits the speed of reading and information processing by the brain - Keith Rayner, one of the most famous reading researchers (worked at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst), book “Eye Movements and Information Processing in Reading”

At what age can you practice speed reading?

Speed ​​reading lessons will only be useful if the child, in principle, can read well. Therefore, experts do not advise starting immediately from the first grade, when it is important to master a leisurely and thoughtful understanding of the text. At this time, it is better not to pay attention to speed at all, allowing the child to move at his own pace.

Most exercises for developing speed reading are intended for children 9-10 years old. Some teachers even believe that they can interest a child only in adolescence, when he understands the meaning of such activities.

But this does not mean that any techniques should be postponed until the age of 9. With preschoolers and first-graders, you can develop attention, do exercises to expand the field of vision, and visualize what you read. The ability to concentrate and imaginative thinking will help the child quickly learn new things when it comes time for special speed reading exercises.

What are the general recommendations?

• It is useful to read at different paces: sometimes quickly, sometimes slowly (the main thing is clearly).
• Try to read with extraneous sounds (this will teach you to concentrate).
• Practice reading “through the grid” (to develop the ability to guess the meaning, in this case there is no need to read the word to the end - anticipation).

• Alternate familiar/unfamiliar text (after reading a familiar text several times, the reading speed increases and is transferred, in part, to the unfamiliar text).
• Develop visual memory.

Key Skills for High Reading Speed

Some skills can and should be trained at any age - they will be useful for both children and adults:

• ability to focus attention and not be distracted;
• wide field of view, developed peripheral vision;
• the ability to structure information and highlight the main thing;
• large amount of RAM;
• high speed of thinking.

Classes to develop these qualities can be carried out both in parallel with learning speed reading, and separately. At a younger age, they will prepare the child for school, and will help schoolchildren and adults process text material faster and better assimilate what they read.

In addition, almost all of these skills are closely related to each other and by developing one of them, you can improve others. For example, when we learn to structure information, at the same time we remember it - this is how memory becomes better and the speed of thinking increases.

Exercises to develop speed reading skills

When speed reading, readers use methods that include searching for keywords that contain the essence of what is written.

Reading with a pointer

The simple method that every child uses to learn to read is great for adults to improve their reading speed. However, the trick is not only to point it out, but to do it quickly. The finger acts as a bloodhound for the eyes, which not only helps you stay focused, but also sets the pace for your reading. Try to increase your reading speed each time.

Eliminating articulation

Every child, when learning to read at the age of five, whispers words or pronounces them quietly. At the next level, when he is perhaps seven, despite the fact that he reads to himself, he still moves his lips (as if he were saying every word out loud). As adults, we pronounce words in our heads, but subvocalization prevents us from reading faster. But in order to master quick reading, how can you learn to drown out this voice inside? Listening to music while reading helps. This affects your understanding and you will soon notice that your concentration increases. Paradoxically, music, which previously interfered, will help you concentrate and learn speed reading faster.

Green dot method

The practice of contemplating the “green dot” offers many positive effects: stability of attention, enhanced visual perception, expanded field of vision, improved concentration, helping to focus on the main thing. The exercise, which trains attention and peripheral vision, is based on autogenic immersion and requires a special attitude, as well as time to master it.

1. At the first stage, for two weeks, concentration is honed. Having drawn a green dot in the center of the text, we focus our attention on it for about ten minutes. The exercise is performed before going to bed and, closing your eyes, we continue to imagine the “green dot”. It is difficult to maintain attention without being distracted, but it is very important to make every effort, ignoring side irritants. At the same time, you should not overstrain your eyesight during the exercise.
2. After two weeks, we begin training peripheral vision, that is, without moving our eyes, we look at the text horizontally and vertically, trying to cover (not read) the maximum number of words.
3. The exercise is combined with Schulte tables, with randomly distributed numbers or letters. Typically a 5x5 table is used, although options with different sizes, colored columns and values ​​are possible. Concentrating on the center of the table, we find all the numbers (letters) with peripheral vision.

Learning to guess

Keywords can be scattered throughout a paragraph, so they create a pattern of scattering that conveys the meaning of the text to the reader. The eye span on average covers 3-5 words, both horizontally and vertically. As soon as the eye sees a word, the brain begins the process of understanding. Our brains have the ability to fill in details, and that's what speed reading can teach - highlighting the important parts, allowing the mind to fill in the gaps for complete understanding.

Training gibberish

Gibberish is based on reading palindromic collocations and phrases; by degree of complexity - from letters to words. Then you can start reading from right to left using special books that can be found in electronic libraries.

Reading upside down

A feature of the experience of reading upside down text is that factors related to perception are changed or acquired. Before training, inverted reading is characterized by long reading times and low words per minute, with eye movements exhibiting greater fixation and regressive saccades. But training partially or completely reverses these effects, with better results typically achieved when reading aloud.

The "tick-tock" method

First, skim the text and look for important points. Catch headings and subheadings; read the first and last paragraphs of several chapters; get used to the writer's style. Learn to identify main ideas after speed reading, skipping unimportant information.

It is impossible to remember everything, even if you become a perfect speed reader, so learn to extract what suits your needs.

Reading Diagonally

The zigzag speed reading technique represents scanning the text, that is, not seeing every word, but skimming the text and selecting the main ideas. Using a finger or pen, we slide across the text diagonally, from left to right, crossing two or three sentences, then “slide” to the next two or three sentences, from right to left. This method is not recommended for materials that require very careful reading.

Word like picture

Photoreading is an advanced level in the evolution of speed reading and represents an entire system. The idea is to put ourselves in an altered state, using principles similar to meditation (quiet the mind, concentrate, change visual focus), where we can only perceive information by looking at a page for 1-2 seconds, not minutes.

Speed ​​reading exercises: warm-up

You can help your child learn to read quickly not only through special courses, but also for free - we will share a set of simple exercises for speed reading. Let's start with a warm-up, which will expand your peripheral vision and prepare your eyes for the load.

Pavel Palagin in his book “Speed ​​Reading in Practice” recommends the following exercise:

• take a book of standard A5 size and start moving your gaze along the lines, like a spotlight;
• move your gaze first from left to right (as usual), and then vice versa - from right to left;
• relax your eyes and don’t think about the meaning of the text, just try to distinguish the letters;
• During the 1st minute, look at one line, for the 2nd minute, look at two lines at the same time, at the 3rd minute - at three lines, then - at five lines.

After such a warm-up, you can try not just to distinguish letters, but to quickly read the text one line at a time.

How to take the course?

The course involves daily exercise at home or at work for 20-40 minutes (you can do it less often, but then the effect will be less). With this training regimen, you will get results in just a couple of weeks, and if you study for 2-3 months, you will be able to significantly increase the speed and quality of reading.

The course, as you already know, consists of five stages, each of which involves mastering certain skills that help you read quickly. To master each skill, it is important to practice more - read books, newspaper articles, magazines, textbooks, devoting at least 30 additional minutes a day to this.

First, watch all the lessons and try the exercises. If you learn a skill quickly, don’t spend too long on this lesson. For example, many people have no problems paying attention when reading and are able to skip straight to Lesson 2. Spend more time on the lessons and exercises that you find helpful or that you find challenging.

It is not necessary to go through the exercises in the sequence indicated in the lessons, the main thing is to achieve the goal for each part. And most importantly, having mastered each skill separately, learn to use them in combination to form a stable habit of reading not only quickly, but also correctly.

And before taking the course, we suggest you check how quickly you read at the moment:

Statistics Full screen

Remember your result to compare it with the result after completing the course, and start studying.

Speed ​​reading exercises that are useful at any age

A significant part of the popular methods for speed reading are suitable for adults and teenagers with equal success; below we offer just such materials.

Name the color

The technique helps develop the ability to perceive a word as a holistic image, and not as a set of specific letters.

What to do: name the color rather than read what is written.

Reading backwards

Take any text and try to read it backwards - from right to left. Monitor how often you are distracted and how much you manage to concentrate. This simple exercise is aimed at concentration, which will be useful for both adults and children if they have already learned to read fluently.

You can change the operating principle. For example, alternately read words backwards, letter by letter, and in whole. The main thing is not to be distracted by extraneous stimuli and monitor how the speed and perception of what you read changes.

Schulte tables

The technique of the German psychiatrist Walter Schulte is used to develop peripheral vision, attentiveness, and it also helps improve working memory. Based on it, many online speed reading trainers have been developed that automatically record the time it takes to complete the table and mix numbers and letters for a new test.

What to do: ask your child to look only at the center of the table, as if taking it all in with his gaze, and look for numbers in ascending order or letters in alphabetical order.

In addition to black and white cards, there are also options in other colors - for example, red and black Gorbov-Schulte tables, which are often used in speed reading schools for adults and children. The principle of working with them is similar: do not look for numbers by looking through them with your eyes, but try to see the table as a whole, noticing the desired cell with your peripheral vision.

Notes in the margins

The essence of this technique is to read books, magazines and other materials with a pencil, highlighting the main idea of ​​each text and leaving notes in the margins. This technique may seem slower at first glance, but in practice it is one of the most useful reading exercises. The habit of leaving notes helps you learn to structure text and quickly understand its meaning in a few lines.

This method of reading was used by many famous figures. For example, Voltaire's notes in the margins of the books he read were even published in a separate edition. Of course, such a task will be too difficult for a child, but this habit will definitely come in handy for adults.

So, in short:

Reading diagonally
and trying to take in the entire page with your eyes hardly have anything in common with real reading. Most of the text in this case falls into the peripheral vision zone and simply cannot be read. These techniques do not allow you to read text, but they can be used to quickly skim through material you already know.

Reading without stopping

- also not the best way to save time. This approach significantly reduces our ability to perceive material. As a result, you will be able to quickly read the text, but remembering and retelling its content will be extremely difficult. 


Suppression of subvocalization

- another poorly working technique. Research shows that the reader always pronounces the text to himself, even if he is sure of the opposite. Moreover, subvocalization helps us understand what we read better. Instead of suppressing it, it is worth expanding your vocabulary - it takes us less time to internally pronounce familiar words, and this skill is not related to the ability to quickly read aloud.

RSVP

– this technique works, but with limitations. You will be able to read faster, but you are unlikely to increase your reading speed many times over. In addition, the features of this technique make it difficult to use in cases where you need to read complex material (for example, an article from a scientific journal on a topic that is new to the reader). Reading for pleasure in this format is also inconvenient. The ideal option is mail, news notes and articles like this one.

In the third [and final] part, we will talk about cases when you still cannot do without speed reading, what “slow” reading is, and how to save time on reading “serious” scientific literature - without resorting to complex techniques.

PS Other materials from ITMO University:

• How tech entrepreneurship and science fiction relate
• Postgraduate studies at ITMO University: the main thing about admission and study in 2022
• Polymer holograms with “escaping” nanoparticles were developed by university scientists
• EMI life hacks: how to teach in English if you are not a native speaker

Online trainers for speed reading

Online speed reading exercises, which are easy to find on the Internet, will help you learn to quickly “swallow” texts without losing their meaning. Some of them are universal, while others allow you to train at different difficulty levels and track your progress. They are convenient because they provide an opportunity for an adult or child to hone their skills in a variety of situations: on the road, at school during breaks, or in line to see a doctor.

We are sharing a selection of sites with free online speed reading trainers for children and adults:

• readster.club - a convenient resource where it is convenient to monitor your reading speed, change it and track progress on a graph;
• chtenie.net - a simulator with 18 difficulty levels and 5 speeds;
• skorochtenie.online - online test of reading speed and text comprehension;
• booksite.ru is another online test that only tests reading speed;
• cepia.ru - training according to the Schulte and Gorbov-Schulte tables and other simulators.

Contact IQClub for help

IQClub will help develop reading skills, memory, and attention in a child. This is a new Internet service that will delight both children and parents. A team of professionals has prepared entertaining educational games for children. The best designers, psychologists and teachers worked on the development.

How to use the service?

• Register in the system (you can use social networks).
• Give your child an interesting test.
• After assessing your child's strengths and weaknesses, an individual educational program will be created for him.

Training results can be tracked online. This way you will quickly learn about your child’s achievements and receive the necessary recommendations for further development.

In the modern world, when we are surrounded by various electronic gadgets, the problem of children's reading is becoming increasingly urgent: unfortunately, fewer and fewer children are reading books lately. Therefore, adults should show by personal example that reading is actually a very exciting process. And besides, as F. Janlis said: “People who read books will always control those who watch TV.”

Texts for speed reading

The skill of not reading individual words letter by letter, but perceiving them holistically, is well developed in special texts for quick reading. All of them are distinguished by their non-standard presentation of material and force our brain to deviate from its usual patterns, forming new neural connections.

Texts for speed reading are:

• with missing letters;

• rotated 90 or 180 degrees;

• with torn and shifted stitches

• with stripes, grilles or other “noise interference”;

For children, speed reading with the help of such texts turns into a game. It’s easy to get a child involved by organizing a competition with rewards or training against the clock. You can prepare some of the materials yourself - for example, cut out a “lattice” from paper of the appropriate size and place it on the pages of ordinary books.

Here are a couple of useful resources:

• universal texts for training speed reading;
• children's texts to test reading speed.

Don't Make These Mistakes

Often, even capable children show poor readiness for reading due to methodological errors at the initial stage of learning syllabification. Self-study at home has an impact. Parents commit the following typical violations:

Tell the baby a letter, not a sound

For example, “Pe”, “Ne” and so on. This is not true. The names of letters from the alphabet must be pronounced without an additional sound: “K”, “M”...

Memorizing letters with overtones will lead to problems with reading. The child puts the syllables together like this: “pea-pea” instead of “pa-pa.” Short and clear sound pronunciation is the main rule and condition for a fast reading pace.

Compose syllables from individual letters

Assignment: look, “b” and “o”, it turns out “bo” - methodologically incorrect. Teach children to immediately extend the vowel, without a pause between sounds: “bo-o-o-o.” Avoid spelling words. This is easier for children, but it takes time to analyze words into their component parts, and the meaning of phrases is lost.

They read texts for a long time

Conduct classes often, spend 5-7 minutes on one thing. It is better to read a short passage from the text, a couple of sentences at a good speed, than to keep a student at the table for half an hour and force him to study. Short lessons are more effective. Don't forget to take breaks between exercises, about 2-3 hours.

Important! Consider the child’s mental characteristics: memory capacity, maximum attention span.

If a teenager can concentrate and study for 15-20 minutes, it is not tiring, increase the duration of the lesson, but reduce the number of lessons per day to one or two.

Exercises for children

In this section, we have selected the TOP 5 exercises to increase reading speed in children. Unlike viewing text diagonally and other “adult” techniques, they are suitable even for a child who has just learned to read. In this case, our goal is to increase not so much speed as reading productivity and the ability to focus on a task.

Popular exercises:

1. "Follow the Line"

While reading, the child should move his finger or pencil along each line, tracking his gaze. This helps eliminate eye movements and avoid jumping from line to line and backtracking.

2. "Walk through the maze"

Children love solving puzzles in which they need to find a way out of a confusing maze. Invite your child to go through another such labyrinth, tracking the path only with his eyes - without using his hands. This exercise trains the ability not to be distracted from a task by concentrating on it for a long time.

3. Harvesting technique

This speed reading technique for children was proposed by Pavel Palagin. It helps to assimilate the material read and transfer it from RAM to long-term memory. The essence of the technique: after reading each semantic block, the child must pause, turn away from the text and imagine it in the form of images or diagrams. After that, he briefly talks about what he read in 1-2 sentences and continues further.

4. "Naughty Book"

In this exercise you need to read texts that are located on different sides of the reader. You can explain to the child that books are also sometimes naughty and do not want to lie still. Similar techniques are often used in teaching speed reading online, but they are also convenient for home use.

5. "Find the Word"

This is one of the simplest exercises for attentiveness and the ability to extract the necessary information from the text. The child needs to be offered a game: find a certain word on the page of the book and count how many times it is mentioned.

Reading without stopping

Another speed reading strategy involves reading without stopping.
In order to understand how it differs from regular reading, you will have to remember what we talked about in the first part: our “standard” reading is a discrete process. We fixate on a certain group of words, then with a jerky movement we move our gaze to another group, and so on. After several jumps (or saccades), we take a short pause (during which the brain gets an additional opportunity to process what we read). These regular pauses take between a quarter and half a second - and speed reading without stopping is aimed at suppressing them. However, not everything is so simple: in this way you not only save time, but also do not give yourself the opportunity to better understand and remember what you read. Moreover, it is not so easy to completely suppress the desire to “give yourself a break” - most likely, you will still have such pauses (albeit less often), but the quality of your reading comprehension will still deteriorate.

Verdict

: physically such a reading is quite possible. The only problem is the quality of perception of the text. Some readers of our first part differentiated between “reading with retelling” and “reading without retelling” and it is no coincidence that in order to retell a text read, it is important not to just skim over the lines “in one breath.”