Didactic games for the development of speech in preschoolers. speech therapy file on the topic

Didactic games for speech therapy classes with preschoolers

Speech therapy educational games for preschoolers

Educational games Author: Tatyana Vasilievna Chervyakova, speech therapist, MDOU kindergarten “Rodnichok” Description: The presented didactic games will be useful for speech therapists and kindergarten teachers. The material is intended for conducting individual and subgroup speech therapy sessions with preschoolers.

Purpose of the game: to activate vocabulary on the topic “Vegetables” and “Fruits”; Teach children to divide words into syllables. Material: drawings: planar images of baskets with syllabic patterns, images of objects - vegetables and fruits. Progress of the game: Speech therapist. Guys, today we are going to visit our grandparents in the village to see what vegetables have grown in the beds. – And then our grandparents meet us.

Speech therapist. Grandma invites you to guess what vegetables they collected. – round, red, juicy, healthy, soft... (tomato) – oval, green, crunchy, rough, hard... (cucumber) – oblong, orange, hard, tasty, vitamin... (carrot) – round, bitter, hard, healthy ... (onion) - round, green, juicy, crispy... (cabbage)

Speech therapist. Guys, you guessed all the vegetables. Now let's put them in baskets. – Notice what beautiful baskets grandma prepared. Each basket has a syllabic pattern. Let's name the vegetables one by one, determine the number of syllables in each word and put the vegetable in the correct basket.

A similar game can be played on the theme “Fruits”. As material we use images of objects - fruits.

Didactic game “Syllable Houses” Purpose of the game: to teach children to break words into syllables. Material. Airplane images of houses with window pockets. Every house has a syllabic pattern. Images of objects depicting fairy tale characters: Wolf, Carlson, Dunno, Pinocchio, Malvina, Puss in Boots and others. Progress of the game. Speech therapist. The heroes of fairy tales came to visit us. Nominal. Child. Wolf, Carlson, Malvina, Pinocchio, Aibolit.

Speech therapist. Guests should be “settled” in houses. Determine the number of syllables in each word and “place” the hero in the desired house.

Child (speak and emphasize the syllables) - “Karl the Son” - two syllables (puts the photo in the pocket of house No. 2) - “Wolf” - 1 syllable (puts the picture in the pocket of house No. 1).

- “Mal-vi-na” - this word has three syllables (puts the picture in the pocket of house No. 3) - “Bu-ra-ti-no” - the word has four syllables (puts the picture in the pocket of house No. 4)

Speech therapist. Very good! The manual can be used when studying other lexical topics.

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Didactic game in speech therapy work

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Didactic game in speech therapy work

Didactic game in speech therapy work.

Everything with a child must be done through play...

D. B. Elkonin

Remember how the kids’ eyes light up, what impatient anticipation of something pleasant and joyful shines in them when you say: “And now you and I, guys, are going to play an interesting game!” here you don’t even need to be a subtle psychologist to understand what a huge and special place play occupies in a child’s life.

Therefore, one of the main tasks of a speech therapist is to interest the child so that he himself wants to participate in the process of speech correction. And for this purpose, classes should not be boring lessons, but an interesting game. A. S. Makarenko said: “The child has a passion for play, and it must be satisfied. We must not only give him time to play, but we must imbue his entire life with this game. His whole life is a game."

Play is the main activity of a preschool child, one of the characteristic patterns of child development. Play, as a form of child activity, contributes to the development of his mental processes, personality traits, and intelligence.

The Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education was developed for the first time in Russian history in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” that entered into force on September 1, 2013. And the main task of the Preschool Education Standard is to return play activities and the status of developmental play activities in kindergarten. After all, upbringing, development and learning takes place through play, and not forced play, but one that takes into account the abilities and interests of children; they teach the ability to communicate freely in a group of peers and to live comfortably in society.

Recently, the number of children with speech pathology has increased. In addition to the direct violation of sound pronunciation, children are diagnosed with violations of other components of the speech process: poor vocabulary, ungrammatical phrases, low level of development of coherent speech, etc. The mental basis of speech also suffers: attention, memory, thinking.

Thus, gaming technologies can provide great assistance in working with children with speech disorders.

Therefore, in speech therapy classes, didactic games are widely used (with objects, board-printed, verbal, games with movements, plot, role-playing games, dramatization games.

A didactic game is a game designed for learning. These are games with rules, specially created by pedagogy for the purpose of teaching and raising children.

A didactic game is a valuable means of cultivating mental activity; it activates mental processes and arouses a keen interest in the process of cognition in preschoolers. Alexander Vladimirovich Zaporozhets, assessing the role of the didactic game, emphasized: “We need to ensure that the didactic game is not only a form of assimilation of individual knowledge and skills, but also contributes to the overall development of the child.”

There are several types of didactic games:

Travel games are designed to enhance the impression and draw children’s attention to what is nearby. They sharpen observation and demonstrate overcoming difficulties. These games use many ways to reveal cognitive content in combination with gaming activities: setting problems, explaining how to solve them, solving problems step by step, etc.

Games - instructions are simpler in content and shorter in duration. They are based on actions with objects, toys, and verbal instructions.

Games are speculation (“what would happen if…”). Children are given a task and a situation is created that requires comprehension of the subsequent action. At the same time, children’s mental activity is activated, they learn to listen to each other.

Games are riddles. They are based on testing knowledge and resourcefulness. Solving riddles develops the ability to analyze, generalize, and develops the ability to reason and draw conclusions.

Games - conversations. They are based on communication. The main thing is spontaneity of experience, interest, and goodwill. Such a game makes demands on the activation of emotional and mental processes. It develops the ability to listen to questions and answers, focus on the content, supplement what is said, and express judgments.

The didactic game has its own structure, which includes several components. The main component is the didactic (learning) task. Play actions are ways of demonstrating a child’s activity for play purposes. Rules – ensure the implementation of game content. They make the game democratic - all participants in the game obey them.

There is a close connection between the learning task, game actions and rules. The learning task determines the game actions, and the rules help to carry out the game actions and solve the problem.

In some areas of speech therapy work, I have selected games that I use in classes. I will tell you about some of them.

I pay much attention to the “Sound Pronunciation” section, because when carrying out work on automation, differentiation of sound and introducing it into speech, the work should be varied and not bore the child.

1. Didactic game “Sound Cube”

On each side of the cube there are pictures, the names of which contain an automated sound. The child looks at the pictures and pronounces the words clearly. The task can be changed depending on the stage of work on the sound. For example: Make up a sentence with this subject and say it, clearly highlighting the sounds.

2. Didactic game “Treat Zoya with candy”

Goal: automation of the sound [З] in words.

Progress of the game: The girl Zoya loves sweets very much. Let's give Zoya a treat. You take the candy and name the picture. If this word has the sound [З] - the candy will go to Zoya, if not, then the candy will remain with me (or if you clearly pronounce this sound)

3. Didactic game “The little bear dreams”

Goal: automation of the sound [L] in words.

Progress of the game: The bear cub sleeps sweetly and has dreams. Let's see what he dreamed. Take a cloud - a dream and name what you see in the picture, clearly pronounce the sound [L].

4. Didactic game “Carlson’s Birthday”

Goal: automation of the sound [P] in words.

Progress of the game: Carlson has a birthday. He invited many friends. Who do you think came to Carlson's party? (child's answer). They brought many gifts. Let's see what's in these boxes. Name the pictures, clearly pronouncing the sound [P].

5. Didactic game “Adventure games for sound automation”

Goal: automation of sounds. Objectives: correction of sound pronunciation, development of phonemic hearing, development of fine motor skills (using Marbles pebbles, you can use buttons, chips, beads, etc.)

The child names the picture, clearly pronouncing the sound, and places a pebble on it.

The same function is performed by the game "Speech Therapy Snail", you can also add a task - make a sentence with a given picture or determine the location of a sound in a word or divide the word into syllables.

6. Game “Collect the letter”.

Goal: consolidation of knowledge about letters, development of visual and effective thinking, as well as prevention of errors in typing letters.

Progress of the game: The child collects a split letter, then names pictures based on this sound.

With the help of didactic games, work is carried out to consolidate the skills of inflection and word formation, the syllabic structure of words, the activation of the dictionary and the development of coherent speech.

1. Didactic game "Rainbow"

Purpose: to consolidate the agreement between adjective and noun.

The child is given a picture of a rainbow. The name of the colors of the rainbow is specified. The child receives object pictures of different colors. You need to select pictures for each color of the rainbow.

Children distribute pictures under the colors of the rainbow and name the colors of the objects: red tomato, orange orange, yellow lemon, yellow sun, green leaf, green grass, blue sky, blue forget-me-nots, blue cornflower.

2. Didactic game “Whose clothes are Mom’s or Tanya’s?”

Goal: exercise in the formation of possessive adjectives, enrichment of vocabulary on the topic “Clothes, shoes, hats.”

Progress of the game:

An adult displays pictures of wardrobes, pictures of clothing and shoes. Children choose a picture, tell whose item of clothing it is and put it in the closets.

— This is Tanino’s blue dress.

- This red hat is my mother's.

- These green rubber boots are Tannina, etc.

3. Didactic game “Syllable Daisy”.

Goal: to develop children’s ability to divide words into syllables.

Progress of the game: Children must collect petals for daisies, the names of which have a different number of syllables. The speech therapist hands out petals to the playing children and says:

- But think well, sitting on a blade of grass,

Will the petal fit this core,

They are not easy to find:

You need to count the syllables.

When the petals are collected, the speech therapist says:

- Well done, but still necessary

Repeat the pictures together. (children all together name the pictures on each daisy.

4. Didactic game “Name the profession”

Goal: consolidating the names of professions, enriching the vocabulary on the topic

Progress of the game: the child names a profession and selects pictures with objects that this person needs.

And vice versa, the game “Guess who needs these items.”

Now let's play the game "Syllable Daisy" with you.

And in conclusion, I want to say: in modern speech therapy, a didactic game is created by a teacher specifically for educational purposes. In didactic play, the child not only gains new knowledge, but also generalizes and consolidates it. A didactic game acts simultaneously as a type of play activity and a form of organizing interaction between a speech therapist and a child. This is where its originality lies.

Thus, the use of didactic games in the work of a speech therapist contributes to the development of children’s speech activity and to increasing the effectiveness of correctional work. It must be remembered that the development of speech in preschoolers during play activities is an attempt to teach children lightly, joyfully, without coercion.

The role and significance of speech therapy games

The process of further development of the child depends on how well the speech is formed. That is why it is so important to promptly prevent various defects and monitor the purity of the sounds produced by the baby. Violations are noted not only in the speech of a preschooler, but also in perception and production itself. When determining the degree of the defect, all symptoms associated with mental, physical and speech development are identified.

Language educational games

Note! Play is the main activity of a child; with its help, he masters various forms of thinking and develops his horizons. Speech therapy games play an important role in creating a favorable environment for a child to overcome speech disorders of varying severity.

Speech therapy educational games for preschoolers have great potential: with their help, the student works on correct pronunciation of words, learns their native language and learns the rules of grammar in a simple form. Difficulties overcome in this way in a playful way are less obvious and tangible for the child.

The main significance of speech therapy games is to increase the vocabulary and horizons of children, expand the boundaries of the child’s consciousness and introduce him to the world around him.

How games help a speech therapist

Every year the percentage of preschool children with speech pathologies of varying complexity and etiology increases. To correct standard speech disorders, you need to practice at least 2-3 times a week for 30 minutes. However, it is difficult to captivate children with a monotonous task; they quickly get tired and refuse to complete the exercises suggested by the teacher. To increase motivation for learning, speech therapists use game techniques in their classes, thanks to which the correction process ceases to be boring for the child.

What else to read: Musical educational game for preschool children

Speech therapist and child

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Authors:

• Solovyova Natalya Sergeevna teacher-defectologist MKDOU No. 5 “Cheburashka” Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany
• Titova Snezhana Gennadievna teacher-speech therapist MKDOU No. 5 “Cheburashka” Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany
• Ustinova Olga Nikolaevna teacher-defectologist MKDOU No. 2 “Firefly” Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany

Didactic games are intended for individual and subgroup speech therapy sessions with children aged 4 – 7 years. This material will be useful to speech therapists, speech pathologists, educators, and parents.

Didactic game “Cat and Mouse”

for preschool children (3-7 years old).

Corrective tasks:

• Automate set sounds.
• Maintain emotional and positive comfort.
• Promote the development of children's communication and communication skills.
• Develop articulatory, fine and gross motor skills.
• Form correct breathing

Equipment: Board game from Fix Price “Chasing Cheese” , cards with pictures in the name of which there are sounds S, S', Z, Z', Ts, Ch, Shch, Sh, Zh, L, L, R, R', cards for articulation gymnastics, orange cards “Try, repeat” , “Focus” , “Do as I do” (Appendix 1), cube.

Game description: Number of players: 1-4 people. This game can be used both in individual lessons and in subgroups.

Progress of the game:

A child and an adult lay out cards on the playing field, place mice, ladders and a cat. Before the start of the game, a finger game “Mice are dancing” (Appendix 2). The mice are having fun on the cheese, and the cat is sleeping at this time. As the poem ends, the cat wakes up and the mice run away. The child takes the mouse and throws it into the hole. The mouse lands on a certain picture, the child completes the task indicated in this picture. If the child does it correctly, then he can remove the card and see how many pieces of cheese his mouse was able to drag away. Takes the same number of pieces of cheese from the jar.

1. option. The cat goes back to sleep, and the mice climb onto the cheese again. Everything repeats itself again.
2. option. The child throws the dice, and the mouse moves as many spaces as there are dots on the dice, and the game continues in a circle.

If the mouse lands on the orange “Focus” , then the child performs exercises to develop proper breathing. The teacher prepares these exercises in advance and at his own discretion. If the card is “Do as I do,” then the child performs finger exercises. And if “Try, repeat ,” then the child must reproduce the movement drawn on the card.

Goal: development of articulatory, general, fine motor skills and speech breathing.

Orange cards and cards for performing articulation exercises are laid out on the field.

Goal: automation of delivered sounds, development of general and fine motor skills, speech breathing.

Orange cards and cards with pictures are laid out on the field.

Didactic game “Speech therapy lotto”

for preschool children (4-7 years old).

Corrective tasks:

• Automation of delivered sounds.
• Development of articulatory, fine and general motor skills.
• Formation of correct breathing
• Sound differentiation
• Development of mental processes

Equipment: cards with pictures in the name of which there are sounds S, S', Z, Z', Ts, Ch, Shch, Sh, Zh, L, L, R, R', cards for articulation gymnastics, orange cards “ Try, repeat” , “ Focus” , “Do as I do” (Appendix 1), cube, playing field, small toys.

Description of the game: this game is intended for individual lessons with a child.

Pictures with a certain sound are laid out on the playing surface.

Tasks:

1. "Find and name" . The child is given a set of cards with pictures and is asked to find the same ones on the playing field and name what is drawn on them.
2. "What's under... " The teacher arranges small toys into pictures and invites the child to say in a sentence what is under a certain toy (the toys are selected in accordance with the given sound). For example, automating the C sound at the beginning of a word:

Under the dog, a bag. Under the elephant, juice. There is a pine tree under the owl.

3. "Couples" . The teacher lays out pictures (for a certain sound and orange cards) on two playing fields and places paired crayons on them. The child’s task is to find paired toys and name the pictures under them. If an orange card appears, the child must complete the corresponding task. Orange card:

“Focus” - exercises to develop correct breathing. The teacher prepares these exercises in advance and at his own discretion.

“Do as I do” - finger exercises.

“Try, repeat” - reproduce the movement drawn on the card.

4. Task with a cube. The child rolls the dice and moves his chip to the front exactly as many steps as the number of points on the dice and names the picture. Or completes the task of the orange card.

5. “What’s on the left, what’s on the right?” . The child composes a phrase using the words “left” and “right” .

6. "What's in between?" The child says in a chain: “Between the hedgehogs and the beetle is a toad.

7. "What's around?" . The child says in a chain: “Near the stick there is a wolf, near the wolf there is milk .

8. “What’s next?” Child: “Next to the hero is a matryoshka, next to the matryoshka is a sailor .

9. “Remember and repeat . The child names the objects in the pictures and tries to remember them. Then he closes his eyes. An adult turns over one picture. Opening his eyes, the child guesses it. Next, the adult closes all the pictures. And the child must remember and arrange the pictures on the second field, as in the first field.

10. “Say the word . An adult pronounces a word without saying the last part, which contains an automated sound.

11. "Square" . The adult gives the child the task: “Name the picture in the center, from the center - one cell up, one cell to the right, etc.” .

12. “Make a proposal . The child makes sentences from words in the same row horizontally, vertically and diagonally.

13. “Find a place” The child lays out pictures on the playing field in accordance with the location of the given sound.

14. Sound differentiation task. The teacher lays out pictures on two playing fields. The child needs to find and cover objects with the same sound with small toys.

Game "Building a house" .

for preschool children (4-7 years old).

Corrective tasks:

• Automate set sounds.
• Maintain emotional and positive comfort.
• Develop articulation and fine motor skills.
• Form correct breathing

Equipment: cubes of different colors with Velcro, cards (with Velcro) with pictures in the name of which contain the sounds S, S', Z, Z', Ts, Ch, Shch, Sh, Zh, L, L, R, R', cards for articulation gymnastics (with Velcro).

Game description: Number of players: 1-4 people. This game can be used both in individual lessons and in subgroups.

Progress of the game:

Option 1: The teacher attaches the necessary pictures to the cubes. Then he reads the text of the finger game and builds a house out of cubes, while the child makes movements with his hands to the text of the game. When the house is built, the child names the objects in the pictures or performs appropriate articulation exercises.

1. Assignments: “Name who lives in the red apartment” , “What is in the green apartment” . “Name the residents of the first floor” , “Name the residents of the first floor of the yellow apartment” . “Who lives next to, under, to the right, to the left, above, above, below .
2. Assignment: Make a proposal.
3. Task: “Find an apartment N, W, W, etc.” (all residents of the apartment have a certain sound in their names).
4. Option: The child rolls the dice, names the pictures (or does an articulation exercise) and builds a house. Then he makes up a sentence using the pictures on the cubes.

Speech therapy games with a flashlight for children

Games with light are spectacular and exciting, and the flashlight is accessible and safe for children. The game was developed by teacher Natalya Konyakhina. For the game you will need sheets of paper from which the box will be made. You will also need drawings that can be printed on a printer or downloaded from the Internet (shoes, clothes, fruits, vegetables, animals and any other items studied in preschool). Items need to be cut out and glued inside the box so that the front side faces the baby. The child points a flashlight at the wall and answers the questions: “What do you see?”, “Whose shoes are these?”, “Is there an apple in the box or many?”

Underdevelopment of phonetic-phonemic speech in preschool children

Note! Games with a flashlight make it easy for a preschooler to develop coherent speech.

Child with a flashlight

Didactic games for the development of speech of preschoolers card index on speech therapy on the topic

Reminder for parents

“We talk, we play – we develop our discourse”

DEAR PARENTS!

Talk to the kids!

There is a lot of talk about how good language development is a prerequisite for academic success. However, parents do not always know how to develop this speech.

You can often hear: “We read a lot to the child, read poems, talked about everything, but there was no result; The child himself cannot describe the simplest image or tell anything.”

How could it be otherwise: after all, it was the parents who said it, not the child. Babies are all different - some are unstoppable, while others say nothing. But even the “silent” will speak if there is an incentive to speak out.

The performance begins with the desire to communicate!

No matter how imperfectly your child speaks, accept his desire and indulge him. Even if he doesn't speak at all, often engage him in nonverbal dialogue, welcoming and approving any response (gesture, expressive look). At the same time, try to give him the opportunity to listen to himself and himself. Especially create play situations where the child will need onomatopoeia or will have to say a few words for the game to take place. Keep in mind that it is not you who motivates, but the situation. Mood.

Try to pronounce a new word in an emotionally favorable situation: when the child is calm, in a good mood, in such conditions the child assimilates and assimilates information 10 times better than neutral or unfavorable information.

How can you develop speech?

1. Whether you are looking at an image, reading a book, draw your child’s attention to rare phrases, ask what this or that word means.

2. Play the game “Tell Me the Word”: an adult reads a short poem, and the child must guess and name the last word in it.

3. Play with words. This can make a long journey in transport, or the need to lie in bed, cheer up. These tasks include:

• what words, colors can describe the time of year, tell about the topic, what it is about (quote as many adjectives as possible);
• what he can do (name as many verbs as possible)
• play a bad and a good game. What is good about Baba Yaga and what is bad? What is good in the rain and what is bad?
• play opposite words (opposites)

4. Invite your child to tell a story, story, or cartoon. Ask what you liked and why. Ask to describe your favorite character.

5. Play the game: “Find the error in the sentence”

6. Teach your child to make a story from an image. Explain that a story has a beginning (as short as the morning), a center (as the day), and an end (as short as the evening).

7. Play a familiar fairy tale face-to-face with different intonations.

Remember! It's very easy to knock over a child. Treat your child with understanding.

Expand your child's vocabulary.

A child has words on two levels: he understands words - this is passive vocabulary, he speaks - he is active. The active vocabulary can be quite small. Try entering the names of things around it (toys, household items), the names of family and friends into the active dictionary. More often they ask: “Where is the table? Where's the clock? ”etc. This will certainly lead to an increase in vocabulary. Develop phonemic awareness (the ability to hear different speech sounds) by encouraging different sound words. (roof – mouse, nose – knife).

Read to your child.

Read short poems and fairy tales. Read them many times: don’t be afraid that your child will get tired of it. Children learn much better from texts they have already heard. If possible, try to quote the poem - show it with faces and objects; and let your child play with objects. Wait until the child has a good memory of the poem, get a feel for the rhythm, then try not to finish the last word of each line, allowing the child to do so. Sing simple songs to help him feel the rhythm and play it.

What else to read: Game - dramatization "Let's make a delicious soup from vegetables" entertaining facts on speech development (younger group) on the topic

Fingers help the word.

Pay attention to the development of fine motor skills - precise finger movements. Modeling, drawing, finger theater, playing with small objects - all this will help speech, and in the future, writing. The child should work with naughty fingers as much as possible. No matter how boring it may seem, let the child button up his buttons, tie his shoelaces, and roll up his sleeves. It is also better to start training not with your own clothes, but first “help” the doll and even the parents get dressed. As a child's fingers become more dexterous, his speech will become more understandable to others. About the benefits of joint gymnastics in the development of a preschooler.

Joint gymnastics in the development of preschoolers.

Gymnastics for arms and legs is familiar to us. We train the muscles so that they become flexible, strong and agile. But why train? It turns out that the tongue is the main muscle of the speech organs. And like any muscle, it simply needs gymnastics. After all, the tongue must be well developed to make the subtle, intentional movements that produce speech sounds.

Pronunciation deficiencies aggravate the emotional and mental state of the child, preventing him from developing and communicating with peers. To prevent this problem from arising, you should start doing gymnastics for your joints now. With the help of articulatory gymnastics, existing violations of sound pronunciation are overcome.

At first, gymnastics should be done in front of a mirror. The child must see what his tongue is doing and where it is. In this case, the movements of the tongue are brought to automaticity by constant exercises. Work with your child every day for 5-7 minutes. Carrying out articulatory gymnastics in the form of a fairy tale (in a funny language) will help turn the exercises into an exciting game.

Believe in yourself!

Remember: only you and your faith in the child’s strengths and abilities can help him develop harmoniously. Be patient, kind and calm and you will succeed.

Development of fine motor skills to prepare the hand for writing.

It has now been shown that the development of fine motor skills of the fingers has a positive effect on the speech development of children. Employees of the Institute of Physiology and Adolescence of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the Russian Federation determined that the projection of the hand to the brain is very close to the area of ​​the speech motor. The relationship between the motor and speech zones is also manifested in the fact that a person who has difficulty finding a word helps himself with gestures, and vice versa: a child focused on drawing or writing involuntarily sticks out his tongue.

Therefore, training the movements of fingers and hands is the most important factor that stimulates the development of a child’s speech, helps improve articulatory movements, prepares the hand for writing, as well as a powerful tool that increases the performance of the cerebral cortex and, as a result, the level of development of thinking.

Activities that develop fine motor skills.

Have a beneficial effect on the development of hand and finger movements:

• massages and self-massage;
• finger gymnastics;
• visual activity;
• modeling;
• drawing;
• statement;
• handmade;
• manipulations with various objects: collecting pyramids, nesting dolls, builders, mosaics; unfastening and fastening buttons, Velcro, straps; lacing.
• shading, writing.

Games and exercises for children 2-4 years old.

Magic bag.

Examine toys and objects with your baby and touch them. Invite your child to touch one of the items in the bag, name it, and pick it up. Without removing the object, touch it, name it and describe it.

Tactile tables.

it is necessary to prepare a series of boards with different structural surfaces; with images of various objects cut out along the contour.

Tasks: with eyes closed, feel the outline and name the depicted object; find a specific image of an object with your eyes closed; find two identical cards.

Finger pool.

Tasks: lower your hands to the pool of fingers and touch the beans or peas; move to another container one by one; clench and unclench fists with beans and peas while holding hands in the pool; touch this object.

I turn and turn.

(Tasks with various massage balls, sticks, chestnuts, nuts, etc.)

Throw and grab an object with one hand, two hands, unfold an acorn or pine cone. Roll a massage ball or stick: with your palm, the edge of your palm, the finger of one palm towards the other, between your palms, on the back of your hand with rotational movements in one direction, in the other direction, vertically. Gradually increase pressure and rotation speed.

Rope.

Tasks: tie and untie knots; twine: remove the beads, twist the lace between the tips of the thumb and forefinger, wind the lace on a stick or thread on a spool, braid a pigtail, intertwine fingers with lace, decorate patterns and figures with lace.

Clothespins.

Tasks: use clothespins to hook a sheet of paper, the edge of a box or cup, or a rope; open and close the clothespin with your thumb and index finger, thumb and middle finger, etc. Ask your child to count the number of clothespins on the string, and only put clothespins of a certain color on the string.

What else to read: Didactic games for the development of phonemic awareness

Exercises with vocal accompaniment.

Fox.

Rhythmic opening and closing of a clothespin while pronouncing the text:

“Clever scammer, redhead. The mouth opens, it scares the rabbits.”

Crow.

Bend your hand towards the table and take the candy wrapper. Then the brush returns to its original position. Talk:

“I saw the paper and how to take it. I thought it was candy, but it turned out to be a candy wrapper.”

Dogs.

The exercises involve both hands, which rhythmically open and close clothespins while pronouncing the text:

“Two dogs bark, don’t bite. Two cubs walk around in the nest all day, screaming, opening their mouths to the crows, and really want to eat.”

For children 5-7 years old.

Finger gymnastics, games with letters and words. As a physical exercise, it is very good to use finger exercises with speech accompaniment. The dictionary has dozens of poems on every topic. For example:

The sky in Russia is blue

The rivers in Russia are blue – they bend like your finger.

There are maples and oaks, the fingers represent “branches”

What kind of mushrooms are there? The fist of one palm is covered with the other open palm.

Children love to speak in a secret language. Create your alphabet with your fingers. Use it to guess letters and then form words. [2]

Arrange the figures, counting sticks and matches.

Finger Theater. They develop attention, thinking, memory, stimulate the baby’s speech development, help relieve tension from the hands and lips, relieve mental fatigue, develop arms, become more mobile and flexible. Advise parents to take their children to a real theater to see various children's performances.

Written works, various types of shading, coloring of figures, pictures.

Currently, there is a large selection of literature on this topic. You can purchase it to your liking, but make sure the instructions are appropriate for your child's age and difficulty level.

Speech therapy games and benefits

Well, the neck lift

The tap is longer. (Giraffe.)

"Write a riddle"

Strong, toothy, seems clumsy. (Crocodile.)

Crawls, flexible and very strong. (Boa.)

A green hunter sits in a river and waits for prey. (Crocodile.)

A handsome spotted bird with antennae horns. (Giraffe.)

He can crawl and fly, and treat everyone with milk. (Ladybug:)

We conducted such exercises in special classes or included them in other speech therapy classes as their integral part.

It is important that children perceive the material emotionally. Therefore, we include psycho-gymnastics and relaxation in our classes.

For example. Portray a frightened, alarmed giraffe; a lurking crocodile; ladybug in the spring sun; an angry boa constrictor; the sun hid - the caterpillar froze, shrank, the sun appeared - the caterpillar warmed up, relaxed, etc.

When the children mastered the vocabulary necessary for work, they began to compare

“A crocodile is a large animal, and a ladybug is a small insect. A crocodile has a body, a head and a tail, while a ladybug has a body and a head. On the head of the crocodile are large bulging eyes and a huge toothy mouth, and the wretched cow has yellow amber eyes and antennae. The crocodile has a long, flat, green body, while the ladybug has a round, red body with black dots. The crocodile lives in water and can swim, while the ladybug flies and crawls. The crocodile and the ladybug are predators, only the crocodile feeds on large animals, and the ladybug feeds on very small aphids.” In the process of comparison, thinking develops, the vocabulary is activated, and the previously acquired skill in using appropriate grammatical forms and syntactic structures is consolidated.

After comparing two objects, I give a sample description. Then the children independently compose descriptive stories.

Starting the lesson, I say: “An Alien has flown to us. He has never seen such strange creatures and knows nothing about them. Let's tell him who it is."

Children describe: “The giraffe is a very beautiful animal. He lives in hot countries. It is distinguished by an unusual spotted color and a very long, majestic neck. A giraffe has small horns on its head that look like an antenna. It feeds on tree leaves and grass. I really like it, but I haven't seen it yet.

A ladybug is an insect. She has a round, red, convex body with black dots on her back. On the head are large yellow eyes and black antennae. This is a predator. She eats garden pests - aphids. Everyone loves her for this. And they affectionately call him “sunshine”. In the fall, ladybugs gather in flocks and fly away.” Under the influence of a work of art they hear, children begin to tell stories more emotionally. So, for example, I read the fairy tale “Morning Rays” (according to K. Ushinsky). I invite the children to come up with something similar, but I think this technique is effective: the child gets involved in the process, continuing .

(This technique allows you to activate timid and shy children.)

How to conduct classes at home

For many children, homework is much more fun than with a specialist. The child sees his mother or any other person he knows and feels safe. To get the most out of your lessons, you can purchase special guides that not only explain in detail how to set up and automate each sound, but also record the results. An example is N.V.’s speech therapy notebook. Sokolova.

Methods for correcting general speech underdevelopment in preschool children

For your information! Initially, speech therapy games should be accompanied by a voice explanation from an adult. After this, only the child should speak (or try to speak.

Speech therapy games for setting the sounds Ш and Ж

These sounds require a flattened position of the tongue, with the tip pressed against the upper palate. This can be achieved using the following exercises:

• "Shoulder". Stick out your wide tongue and place it on your lower lip.
• "Brush". Run the tip of your tongue from your teeth to your throat and vice versa.
• "Delicious jam." He licks his upper lip as if licking sweetness.

Speech therapy games for setting the sounds L and R

Both sounds require tension of the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth. However, the exercises for setting up sounds will be different.

Setting the “L” sound:

• "Punish your tongue." Extend and spread your tongue over your lower lip and lightly bite it with your upper teeth, making a “roo” sound.
• Alternating “spatula” and “back”. The tongue is spread over the lower lip or tense and is in the middle of the half-open mouth.
• "Horse". The purpose of this exercise is to teach the child to click by pressing the tongue against the alveoli behind the upper teeth.

Setting the "R" sound:

• "Car". Open your mouth wide, press your tongue against the upper tubercles and quickly say “ttt”, simulating automatic fire.
• "Brush your teeth". Run your tongue behind your upper teeth to the right and left.
• "Swing for children." Open your mouth and place the tip of your tongue directly on your upper lip, then on your lower lip.

Speech therapy games for setting the sounds Z, S and C

Normally, a child pronounces whistles correctly at 4 years of age. Exercises to help reproduce these sounds:

• Alternating a smile with the “Tube” exercise. Smile widely, hold this position for a few seconds, then purse your lips.
• "Pendulum". Open your mouth and point the tight tip of your tongue from the right to the left corner.
• "Slide". Place the tip of your tongue on your lower teeth and lift the middle palate above the upper palate, forming a cusp.

Important! When explaining the exercise, be sure to have a tabletop mirror with you, in which the child will see his reflection.

Each exercise must be repeated six times, the total execution time should not exceed 2-3 minutes. When trying to correct the situation, do not put a dirty hand in your baby’s mouth. If it is not possible to purchase special tools for a speech therapist (spatula), in case of forced contact with the child’s oral cavity, you can use a teaspoon, first sterilized in hot water.

Mirror in speech therapy games

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Interesting articles HEATING A COUNTRY HOUSE

Firewood is the most common type of fuel since ancient times, which remains relevant today for several reasons. Firstly, it is not always possible to connect to main gas, and secondly, a gas pipeline is an expensive proposition. Firewood is the cheapest type of fuel. They are easy to store. In addition, combustion ash can be used as fertilizer. To make the most of the energy from burning wood, pyrolysis boilers were invented.

Pyrolysis combustion (dry distillation of fuel) is a combustion of wood in which, under the influence of high temperature (200-800 ° C) and in conditions of lack of oxygen, dry wood breaks down into a volatile part - pyrolysis gas and a solid residue - charcoal (coke). Pyrolysis wood gas burns with a bright fire, reaching temperatures of 1000°C. This process of thermal decomposition formed the basis for the creation of a pyrolysis boiler. The boilers are designed for heating residential and industrial premises equipped with a continuous water heating system with natural or forced circulation of coolant.

Pyrolysis (gas generator) boilers, like other boilers, can be used with an indirect heating boiler to produce hot water, and heated floors can be used in the heating system.

Pyrolysis boilers have several chambers and gates, with the help of which an appropriate level of draft and control over the removal of combustion products is ensured. Gas combustion is controlled automatically. During this combustion process, practically no ash is formed, and, therefore, the boiler does not need constant cleaning. Solid fuel is used more efficiently in pyrolysis boilers, which is why they are often called long-burning solid fuel boilers.

Long-burning boilers can be loaded with any type of wood fuel. In addition to firewood, they use wood waste, as well as specially made wood briquettes (pellets). At the same time, regardless of the size of wood fuel, the efficiency of their combustion remains equally high. Removal of combustion products from the boiler is required once every 1-2 weeks.

To maintain the operation of a long-burning pyrolysis boiler during the day, only one or two fuel loads are required. If the temperature outside is relatively high, then one load of the combustion chamber is enough for a longer period. Long-burning boilers can be controlled automatically. This allows you to maintain a given air temperature in the room and regulate the intensity of fuel combustion. For safe operation, there is also an automatic valve that breaks the electrical circuit in case of overheating of the boiler.

The disadvantages of solid fuel pyrolysis boilers are very small. Firstly, the cost of a long-burning pyrolysis boiler is more expensive than a conventional one, since it has a more complex structure. But at the same time, the efficiency of its operation reaches 85%, which is significantly higher than that of other types of boiler equipment. And the second drawback is that it is very “picky” about the dryness of the firewood. However, the requirements for dry firewood vary among different models, and if necessary, you can find a less “capricious” boiler.

A pyrolysis (gas generator) boiler does not have a full cycle of gasification of solid fuel, but due to the high temperature it achieves, it allows for better combustion of solid fuel and, due to pyrolysis, the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere is reduced.

By choosing a pyrolysis boiler, you will receive a modern, economical device that is easy to use and meets strict environmental requirements. Most manufactured pyrolysis boilers meet the requirements of the Euro 3 standard, which is simply unattainable for conventional boilers burning solid fuel.