Recommendations for parents. Lexical topic “Vegetables. Garden.".

Lesson on the topic “Vegetables and fruits”

Summary of a lesson on familiarization with the environment

for children with special needs level 3, 3 years of study

on the topic "Vegetables and fruits"

Tasks:

To consolidate children's ideas about fruits (apple, pear, orange) and vegetables (tomato, cucumber, carrot): name, appearance, place of growth, who plants.

Exercise children in determining the qualities of vegetables and fruits: shape (round, elongated), color (red, yellow, green, orange), forming phrases (noun + adjective).

Strengthen the ability to differentiate vegetables and fruits.

Strengthen the ability to form singular and plural nouns in speech.

Develop visual, tactile perception, concentration, attention span, verbal memory, visual-figurative and verbal-logical thinking.

Help strengthen the ability to answer questions in complete sentences.

Help consolidate the ability to act in accordance with the teacher’s instructions.

Cultivate a desire to help others.

Integration of educational areas:

physical development, speech development, artistic and aesthetic development.

Vocabulary work:

a lot
,
gardener, gardener.

Preliminary work:

Examination of plot paintings on the topic “Vegetables and fruits”

Reading the fairy tale “Turnip”

Individual work:

With Ksyusha

to improve skills in naming vegetables and fruits and arranging them on plates

With Katya

to improve the ability to write simple sentences on issues

Materials and equipment:

Demonstration: Olympic bunny, bag, ball, pictures of beds and trees

Handout: 2 plates, natural fruits and vegetables (apple, pear, orange, carrot, tomato, cucumber), gifts for children.

Progress of educational activities

Organizing time:

There's a knock on the door and the Olympic bunny runs in

Hello, guys, I'm the Olympic bunny, I brought you a wonderful item from the Olympics, and it's wonderful because it is given only to winners.

The bunny shows the bag.

What is this wonderful object? (children's answers). Pouch.

Nobody knows what's in the bag except the winners, they gave me a clue, but I can't figure it out. Help me guys.

Main part:

During all the game exercises, I stimulate the children’s speech activity by asking clarifying questions and questions to describe their actions.

Game exercise “What’s inside?”:

Let's help Bunny find out what's in his bag.

Now each of you will put his hand into the bag and try, without looking, to determine what he got into his hand, and tell him why you decided so.

Children take turns placing their hand in the bag and, using tactile inspection, guess what is in their hand. These items are left on their plates.

Guys, what was in Bunny’s bag? (children's answers). The bag contained vegetables and fruits.

Let's tell you what they are.

Children take turns making up phrases that describe a specific fruit or vegetable, for example, a green apple.

Game exercise “What grows where?”:

To carry out individual work, I ask questions as support for drawing up a proposal

Bunny: - Now I know what was in my bag. But I don't know where all these vegetables and fruits grow.

Let's tell and show Bunny where each vegetable and fruit grows.

Where do vegetables grow? (children's answers). Vegetables grow in the garden.

Where do fruits grow? (children's answers). Fruits grow on a tree.

I hang pictures of beds and trees on the board.

Where do vegetables grow? (children's answers). Vegetables grow in the garden.

Guys, who grows vegetables? (children's answers). The vegetables are grown by a gardener.

Where do fruits grow? (children's answers). Fruits grow in the garden.

Who grows the fruit? (children's answers). The fruit is grown by a gardener.

I show a picture of a fruit or vegetable and the children name it. I ask who grows it. Then, whoever named it correctly comes out and hangs it on the board.

Now do you understand, Bunny, where vegetables and fruits grow, and who plants them?

Hare: Got it, thanks guys.

Game exercise “Decompose”:

Look, we have all the products mixed on the table, let's help Bunny arrange the items so that he can better understand. I have two plates: in one plate we will put fruits, in the other we will put vegetables.

I divide the children into 2 teams: 1 team lays out vegetables, 2 - fruits. At the end of their activity, we check whether everything is laid out correctly.

Game exercise “One-many”:

The Olympic Bunny wants to see how dexterous and smart you are.

I throw a ball to each of you and name a fruit/vegetable in the amount of one item, you must catch the ball and name the same fruit/vegetable so that there are a lot of them.

For example: There is one apple, but there are many... (apples); There is one cucumber, but there are many... (cucumbers); There is one pear, but there are many... (pears), etc.

I throw the ball to each child in turn and name the fruit or vegetable in the singular; children catch the ball and, pronouncing the same vegetable or fruit in the plural, throw the ball back.

Look, Bunny, how dexterous and smart the guys are, they haven’t made a single mistake!

Final part:

What did we talk about today? (children's answers). Today we talked about vegetables and fruits.

What vegetables and fruits? (children's answers). About apple, pear, orange, tomato, cucumber, carrot.

Where do fruits grow? (children's answers). Fruits grow in the garden.

Where do vegetables grow? (children's answers). Vegetables grow in the garden.

Who grows vegetables? (children's answers). The vegetables are grown by a gardener.

Who grows the fruit? (children's answers). The fruit is grown by a gardener.

Qualitative assessment of children’s activities: I praise and note those who were more active and took direct part in the lesson.

Bunny, did you like how our guys did the lesson?

From the Hare's perspective:

Guys, you are so great! I really enjoyed playing with you. You were all so smart and quick-witted! You helped me figure out what was in my bag. For this I want to give you small gifts as souvenirs.

The hare gives gifts to children.

And now it’s time for me to return to the Olympics.

We study the world around us. Meet “Vegetables”

Sidorenko Karina

We study the world around us. Meet “Vegetables”

Meet “VEGETABLES”

Goal: to expand and systematize children’s knowledge about vegetables and their benefits; clarify ideas about the variety of vegetables; cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Summer is a great time to relax, enjoy the warm weather, swim in a river or lake, or maybe the azure sea, walk through the forest, enjoy flowers...

However, agricultural workers who provide us with food have no time for rest at this time. As they say - everyday work. And we, who have our own summer cottages, have to combine our vacation with work in the garden and garden, and make various preparations for the winter.

So, starting from spring, we grew various berries, vegetables and fruits on our plot.

Today we will talk about vegetables.

First, it is necessary to define what is a vegetable and what is a fruit, because as it turns out, neither the color of the plants, nor their external shape, nor the size and configuration of the fruit matter at all to finding the truth.

At the same time, the generally accepted division of vegetables and fruits according to botanical and gastronomic characteristics is very different.

From a botanical point of view, vegetables are the edible part of plants, consisting of leaves, stems, roots, bulbs and inflorescences.

In addition to everything, botanists also divide the group of vegetables into the following types:

1. Leafy (spinach, lettuce)

2. Root vegetables (beets, carrots, radishes)

3. Stems (celery, rhubarb, ginger)

4. Flower buds (cauliflower and broccoli)

But fruits, purely from a botanical point of view, are the fruits of plants that develop from a flower and contain seeds. And if so, then legumes, corn, pumpkin, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, and so on should also be considered fruits, since all these plants produce flowers and produce seeds. Based on this principle, fruits also include nuts and cereals.

There is another method for separating fruits and vegetables. It is quite simple: If the part of the plant that supplies the fruit with nutrients and moisture does not change for several years, then this crop is a fruit. Let's put an end to this. If not, then we have a vegetable.

If you look from this point of view, let’s say at garden fruit trees, then they all have long-lived trunks (trunks) and branches, and only fruits and leaves are subject to annual renewal. And, for example, a crop such as a tomato is grown annually and at the end of the season the plant dies. Thus, a tomato is a vegetable.

However, we will not introduce confusion into these concepts and turn to Wikipedia.

According to Wikipedia, vegetable is a culinary term that refers to the edible part (such as a fruit or tuber) of some plants, as well as any solid plant food, excluding fruits, cereals, mushrooms, nuts and edible algae. The culinary term "vegetable" can be applied to edible fruits that are botanically berries.

The word “vegetable” (Old Russian “ovosht” - fruit) came into active use in the Russian language at the end of the 14th century. This word denoted both plant fruits and fruits, as well as the process of their growth and ripening. The word "vegetable" comes from the same root as German. wachsen - “to grow”, lit. augu - “growing.”

In the Old Russian language, the fruits of any edible plant were called vegetables or vegetables; the word “fruit” did not exist, it appears only in 1705, this is a borrowing through Polish. frukt from lat. fructus. Starting from this time, the division of fruits into vegetables and fruits, etc. begins.

According to V.I. Dahl, vegetables are “a garden, edible tops and roots: onions, cabbage, carrots, turnips, beets with tops, etc., also garden fruits, like cucumbers, watermelons, and in old times, tree fruits, garden , also boiled and sugared: spicy and compound vegetables.”

The encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron meant by vegetables “all garden plants in general that are used for human food.” According to T.F. Efremova, these are “garden fruits and greens used for food.”

Vegetables can be divided into the following groups:

1. Tubers - Jerusalem artichoke (earthen pear, sweet potato, potato;

2. Root vegetables - carrots, beets, turnips, rutabaga, radishes, radishes, parsley, parsnips, celery, horseradish, daikon;

3. Brassicas - white cabbage, red cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi, broccoli;

4. Salad - salad;

5. Spicy - dill, tarragon, savory, basil, marjoram;

6. Bulbs - onions, garlic;

7. Nightshades - tomato, pepper, eggplant;

8. Melons - pumpkin, squash, zucchini, crookneck, cucumber, squash, melon, watermelon

9. Legumes - peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils;

10. Cereals - sweet corn;

11. Desserts - artichoke, asparagus, rhubarb.

Vegetables are very healthy to eat, especially raw. Their role for our body is difficult to exaggerate. They charge us with vigor, quench hunger and thirst, saturate the body with natural vitamins and microelements, remove toxins, waste, carcinogens, bad cholesterol, prevent the oxidation of organic compounds, help renew the cells of internal organs, stimulate fat burning, increase the secretion of digestive juices, improve memory, strengthen the immune system, regulate blood glucose levels, etc. In addition, plant foods reduce the likelihood of developing diabetes, stroke, and brain diseases.

Who among us is not familiar with such vegetables as potatoes, carrots, beets, cabbage, because they are regular guests at our table, because not a single housewife can do without them while preparing dinner.

Potatoes are an amazing and versatile product that is successfully used in cooking. Among the results of potato processing, one can also note ethyl alcohol, antimicrobial agents and even fiberboard building boards, which, thanks to potato starch, are environmentally friendly materials.

In medicine, substances from potatoes are used to develop drugs that slow the onset of Alzheimer's disease, destroy cancer cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and relieve inflammatory processes. Of particular scientific interest are the beneficial properties of potatoes, which were previously used only in folk medicine.

Potatoes are considered a perennial plant and are often found wild in their homeland, South America. However, in Europe it is grown as an annual plant.

Surprisingly, potatoes came into use in Rus' under Peter 1. At first, the people greeted the emergence of a new culture with caution and distrust; they called it the “devil’s apple” and “the fruit of harlots,” and the preachers of the Old Believers simply forbade the cultivation of this plant. However, the authorities resorted to violent measures and forced the peasants to plant the “suspicious” vegetable. As a result, in the middle of the 19th century, massive popular uprisings, called “potato riots,” swept across the country.

The importance of potatoes in our lives is best demonstrated by the numerous museums and festivals dedicated to them. For example, May 30 is World Potato Day. In addition, all over the world people demonstrate their love for this vegetable, even erecting monuments to it.

In 1995, potatoes became the first vegetable crop to be grown in zero gravity - on the space shuttle Columbia.

Carrots , like potatoes, are a versatile vegetable that can be eaten raw, added to salads, hot and cold dishes. It is rich in fiber and carbohydrates, contains vitamins and microelements, which, if properly stored and cooked, do not change their quantity. It is known how much this valuable vegetable brings thanks to the vitamins and minerals that make up its composition.

According to scientific research, carrots bring tangible benefits to the human body. With regular use, there is an improvement in the health of the cardiovascular and digestive systems, prevention of osteoporosis and improved vision. There is even an increase in life expectancy.

As I already said, carrots help improve vision, is it a myth or reality? Where did this come from?

Even during World War II, England developed several additional technologies to help shoot down bombers. They didn't want the Germans to understand what this technology was. At the same time, a lieutenant named John Cunningham was serving in the army, who had an amazing ability to see things even in the dark. Friends gave them the nickname "cat eyes." Therefore, the military began publishing stories in newspapers about the John Cunningham phenomenon. Since he was already quite famous, the story seemed plausible. Newspapers claimed that all Royal Air Force pilots should be fed carrots to improve the soldiers' eyesight. This propaganda was much more successful than anyone expected. It has spread throughout the world. Everyone started eating more carrots, thinking it would help them see better at night. The old myth that carrots help you see better isn't actually a complete myth. Carrots really help to see better, especially at night, but only for those people who absorb vitamin A well, which they are very rich in.

One of our most famous root vegetables is beets.

Beetroot is the oldest vegetable crop. Beetroot, which is considered to have originated in the Mediterranean region, was grown 4,000 years ago. To this day, wild beets are found in Iran, on the coasts of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas, as well as in China. A natural dye was extracted from the root vegetable, and the plant was used in medicine, cooking, and industry.

Beetroot is also widely used in medicine; it helps with blood anemia, spasms, lowers blood pressure, and also as a mild laxative and sedative.

It is believed that beets appeared in Rus' back in the 10th century from Byzantium and are still widely popular. There is evidence that already in the 16th century our ancestors loved borscht.

In the beginning, this vegetable was called beetroot, and in the 17th century it was divided into fodder and food varieties.

It is also interesting that earlier Russian women, in the absence of cosmetics, used beets for cosmetic purposes - they used them to brown their cheeks.

A familiar and fairly common vegetable in our gardens is cabbage.

Cabbage is one of the oldest cultivated garden plants, widely used in cooking. There are a huge number of types of this crop (this includes broccoli, white, red, cauliflower and others).

Cabbage is rich in fiber and low in calories, which makes it attractive in nutrition. In addition, it is rich in vitamins (A, B1, B6, C (ascorbigen, P, K, anti-ulcer vitamin U; ​​potassium and phosphorus salts, microelements (cobalt, copper, zinc, magnesium, and also contains sugars, fats, enzymes (lactose, protease, lipase, hormonal substances, phytoncides.

There is a legend that cabbage is drops of the sweat of God Jupiter, which rolled down from his head and fell on Earth.

People used cabbage back in the Stone and Bronze Ages, as evidenced by numerous finds made during various archaeological excavations. However, there is no exact information about the homeland of this vegetable. Georgians claim that they were the first to grow cabbage. But the Greeks and Italians do not agree with this and insist that their country was the birthplace of cabbage. There is also a version that cabbage was brought to Europe and America from Asia. One thing is clear: this vegetable has been grown on Earth for millions of years.

Cabbage came to Russia in the 9th century. Mention of it can be found in ancient literature from the times of Kievan Rus. Over the years, cabbage has spread throughout the world. At first it was available only to wealthy people. For example, at the wedding of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, guests were served a dish of chicken in cabbage.

Cabbage has been one of our favorite dishes for many centuries; who among us does not know the taste of stewed and sauerkraut.

Cabbage dishes will support vision (vitamin A, help in the treatment of the nervous (vitamin B) and cardiovascular system (vitamin K). They will improve hematopoietic processes (high iron content) and increase brain activity, increase the body’s resistance as a whole and help in the fight against oncological diseases.

Who doesn’t know the riddle about the amazing vegetable – onion? : “The grandfather is sitting, wearing a hundred fur coats, and whoever undresses him sheds tears.”

Onions are probably the only vegetable that is almost impossible to do without in the cooking process; it is present on our table every day. It is eaten raw and used for boiling, frying, etc. Without this crunchy spice, many dishes take on a completely different taste, and this change, as a rule, is not for the better.

In addition, the benefits of onions for our health have long been scientifically proven. This vegetable helps fight bacterial and viral infections, improves our immunity, and saturates the body with useful substances.

Japanese and French scientists have found that eating onions has a beneficial effect on brain function. Since fresh spicy vegetables contain a large amount of active sulfur compounds, these substances penetrate through the bloodstream into the brain tissue and have a rejuvenating and cleansing effect on its cells. As a result, a person’s memory improves, concentration increases, and even their mood improves.

Onion lovers are much less likely to experience anxiety and are less irritable. They are calmer and more cheerful than those on whose table this healthy vegetable is rare.

Interestingly, onions contain more sugars than apples and pears. However, at the same time, onions are also an excellent fat burner.

In addition, onions contain many useful substances: iron, essential oils, vitamins, calcium, potassium, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur and fluorine, and are also rich in glucinin, which lowers blood sugar levels naturally, which is useful for diabetics.

In the cold season, it is useful to eat half an onion a day to strengthen the immune system.

Onions can also be used as a pain reliever for wasp and bee stings. To do this, rub onion juice into the bite site.

In many countries, onions are used in folk medicine as a treatment for abscesses and blisters.

In our family, onions are always on our table; we use them both for preparing hot dishes and raw. To do this, in the summer we set aside a whole bed in our garden for planting onions specifically for greens.

Garlic is another vegetable known to mankind since ancient times for its beneficial properties. It was actively used in cooking hundreds and thousands of years ago. People have long paid attention to its features, and came to the conclusion that a plant that copes with diseases so well that it probably also has other powers, and therefore garlic was awarded the “ability” to fight various evil spirits. For example, they wore garlic on their chests to protect against vampires.

Garlic is an excellent source of minerals and vitamins necessary to keep the body healthy. Its heads are one of the richest sources of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and selenium.

Scientists have proven that people who consume more garlic are less susceptible to heart disease.

Like most plants, garlic does not have an exact date of origin. It is reliably known that it began its spread from the territories of modern Tien Shan and the Altai Mountains. It was from there that it began to spread throughout the world. The Chinese were the first to eat garlic.

Garlic came to the territory of Rus' from Byzantium, it was brought by spice traders. It is not known exactly when this happened, however, there are mentions of garlic in chronicles dating back to the 8th century AD, but it is possible that it appeared in Rus' even earlier. At that time, people drank wine with a clove of garlic in the mug.

In manuscripts of the 17th-18th centuries, garlic is mentioned very often, which indicates its widespread use, and it is also constantly mentioned in herbalists of those times as a medicinal plant.

During the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, that is, in the 17th century AD, an order was issued to create gardens with garlic for medicinal purposes.

But in 1720, garlic entered the history of mankind as its savior, in the literal sense of the word. Thanks to garlic, France was saved. Garlic mixed with vinegar saved the French from the raging plague at that time, which could have spread throughout the world and killed a lot of people.

Who doesn’t like a salad of tomatoes (or simply tomatoes) and cucumbers, these are regular guests at our table in the summer-autumn period.

Interestingly, I still classify tomatoes differently from the biological and culinary points of view. Namely, from the point of view of biology, tomatoes can be classified as berries, since according to its botanical characteristics, the tomato is a multi-linked syncarpous berry. Its fruits have a thin peel and rich, juicy pulp with small seeds inside.

It is noteworthy that in distant Spain this crop is called “Pomi del Peru”, which translates as “Peruvian apple”. And in Italy this plant is called “Pomo d'oro” or “Golden Apple”. The loving French called tomatoes with the beautiful phrase “Poma Amoris,” which translates as “Apple of Love,” and the ancient Aztecs called the tomato “Tomatl” or “Large Berry,” which is closest to the scientific designation of the plant.

Tomatoes first came to Russia only in the 18th century.

For a long time, tomatoes were considered inedible and even poisonous, and gardeners grew them as an exotic ornamental plant.

Tomatoes are almost 95% water, and per 100 g they only have a calorie content of no more than 22 kcal.

Serotonin (the hormone of joy) was found in their composition, which means that eating tomatoes can improve your mood.

They also contain a lot of vitamin A and C, but no cholesterol.

Scientists claim that regular consumption of tomatoes reduces the risk of developing cancer, and the lycopene they contain is a powerful antioxidant that is not created by the human body.

Another very popular and widespread vegetable crop is the well-known cucumber. It is noteworthy that this plant has been purposefully grown by humans for more than three thousand years, and today there are a huge number of different varieties and hybrids.

Did you know that a cucumber is actually not a vegetable (from a biological point of view, but a fruit that has the appearance of a climbing vine, which, with the help of its spiral curls, stretches upward, diligently clinging to any obstacles and structures.

Interestingly, in the Bible the cucumber is called a vegetable of Egypt.

Perhaps the first of the peoples who traded with Byzantium, the Slavic people began to grow cucumbers. One of the most common dishes of the 16th century in Rus' was “black ukha” - a stew where meat was boiled in cucumber brine mixed with spices and roots.

Then from the Slavs the cucumber came to the table of the Germans and therefore the name in German (die Gurke) is consonant with Russian.

The first written mention of the cultivation and use of cucumbers in the Muscovite state was recorded by the German ambassador Herberstein in 1528 in his travel notes about a trip to Muscovy.

In general, the pumpkin family (or melons, as they are also called) has about 900 species.

The most common of them include cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, watermelon, melon.

All these plants love the sun and warmth. They are also highly respected and loved by people, and animals too. You can find zucchini, cucumbers, and pumpkins in every garden.

Did you know that watermelon is actually a berry from a biological point of view?

Most varieties of watermelon have bright red flesh. However, this is not the only color option. Thanks to breeders, we can taste watermelon with yellow, orange or white core. True, the taste of watermelons of these varieties is very different from the classic ones. So, for example, yellow ones are similar to watermelon, mango and melon at the same time, orange ones are very sweet, but their specific watermelon aroma is very weakly expressed. The taste of watermelons with white flesh combines in its taste what at first glance is simply impossible to combine - strawberries and cucumbers.

Having visited Turkey, we enjoyed magnificent masterpieces of art - figures carved by masters from watermelons.

The art of carving vegetables and fruits is called carving. It came to us from Southeast Asia, where it was honed and improved over many centuries. In Europe, vegetable carving is more traditional, in Asia - fruit carving. At the same time, in China they prefer to carve figures of people and animals, while in Thailand and Japan they prefer compositions with flowers.

The main advantage of watermelon as a basis for carving is its size. There is room for your imagination to run wild! The only thing that can limit it is the lack of skill and the fragility of the masterpiece - watermelon sculptures very quickly lose their shape.

Another representative of vegetables is various legumes: peas, beans, beans, lentils. Which child doesn’t love to eat milk peas straight from the garden?

They have known about peas in Russia for a long time, we even have

such a saying: “It was under Tsar Pea,” that is, it was in time immemorial. The expression “Under Tsar Pea” came from the fairy tale about Ivan, who, with the help of peas, dealt with the fiercest snake and, of course, became Tsar Pea.

Especially a lot of peas were grown in the Yaroslavl province.

In Russia, such expressions as “bounce off like a pea from a wall”, “a pea buffoon”, “a stuffed pea” have also been preserved.

And which of the children has not heard of such a punishment as “putting them on peas?” It came to us, it turns out, from Great Britain, where it was invented specifically for raising children. They say that standing on peas is difficult only for the first half a minute, then your knees just get used to it. It’s good that this punishment is not practiced here.

Undoubtedly, we can talk and talk about vegetables, because it is impossible to imagine a person’s diet without vegetables, at least if he expects to live a long time. Their benefits to the body and role in digestion and metabolic processes are very high.

Of course, you shouldn’t eat vegetables alone, since for the full complex of vitamins a person needs, meat, grains, and fish are needed…. But they are great as a side dish. The big advantage of vegetables is that they help in the digestion of all food-related products, improving the absorption of nutrients from them.

Interesting facts about vegetables for children

Miracle vegetables in the garden beds or giants among vegetables

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Author : Elizaveta Zhilyaeva, 9 years old, student at the Zolotukhinskaya Secondary School, Zolotukhino, Kursk Region Supervisor: Alla Alekseevna Kondratyeva, primary school teacher at Zolotukhinskaya Secondary School, Zolotukhinskaya Secondary School, Zolotukhino, Kursk Region Description: The publication is intended for children of all ages , as well as for curious adults. The publication material can be used for conversations, entertaining classes, extracurricular activities, as well as for self-education. Goal: expanding the ideas of children and adults about the world around us. Objectives: 1.Teach the interlocutor to see and hear, to peer inquisitively into the world, to observe this world. 2.Summarize, consolidate and deepen knowledge about the world of vegetables around us. 3. Contribute to the formation of knowledge about nature and its patterns. 4.Promote the development of thinking, attention, observation. Summer time is not only a beautiful time of year, but also the time to harvest berries, fruits and vegetables. In the summer, radishes, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, garlic, watermelons, potatoes, pumpkins, zucchini ripen at the dacha... This year we had a rainy summer. Excess moisture affected the growth of different vegetables differently. I would like to tell you about the unusual cucumbers that grew in our garden this summer.

The first cucumber was crooked, long, but very tasty.

A little later, in the garden, we picked another unusual cucumber and decided to measure it: its length turned out to be 43 cm.

But what struck us most was the third miracle cucumber: its length turned out to be 68 cm and its weight was 1 kg 420 g.

Having seen such miracle cucumbers, my grandmother and I wanted to find information on the Internet about giant vegetables grown in different parts of our planet. We learned that many farmers around the world are passionate about breeding and strive to enter the Guinness Book of Records with their largest, heaviest and longest vegetables and fruits. In a number of countries, fairs are held annually where farmers present their miracle vegetables. It was very interesting to search for material on the Internet: what we just didn’t see! We were very amazed by the variety of giants among vegetables! Judge for yourself! Giants among cucumbers .

1. The world's longest cucumber grew in the greenhouse of British woman Claire Pierce. Its length was 1.19 meters. The woman admitted that she did nothing to grow the record-breaking cucumber: “I just watered the plant.” Claire Pearce also revealed that the giant vegetable grew from expired seeds that she bought two years ago and simply forgot about them. The pensioner was going to apply for registration of the record, but the vegetable rotted before experts could measure it.

And these are the grandchildren of the British woman Claire Pierce, Jamie and Hazel, holding the same cucumber, about 119 cm long. 2. Israeli resident Yitzhak Izdanpana became interested in gardening after he retired. He managed to grow a cucumber 1.2 meters long. The cucumber grew on its own in three months without special means to stimulate growth.

3. Briton Philip Vowles has been growing vegetables for many years. His successful gardening projects include giant pumpkins, cabbages, cucumbers and zucchini. In the photo he is captured with a 7-kilogram cucumber, which was once included in the Guinness Book of Records. Vauls has been growing vegetables for 25 years, so he knows all about how to get a huge harvest.

4. The Atherton family (Britain) is also interested in vegetable growing. Joe Atherton (senior) in this photo is holding an 80cm cucumber and a 1.5kg potato.

Giants among watermelons . 1. As you know, the largest berry in the world is a watermelon, and it really confirms this title.

In 2006, the largest watermelon in the world was grown in the US state of Arkansas. Its “author” was farmer Lloyd Bright. After the watermelon was picked and weighed, it turned out that its weight was 122 kilograms. This giant watermelon, native to America, was included in the Guinness Book of Records. This watermelon was a Carolina Cross variety. This farmer’s entire family has been growing giant watermelons for 35 years.

2. Another giant was grown in Louisiana. The big guy was raised by farmers from the Sistrunk family. The berry was picked on August 26, 2008. The weight of the huge watermelon was 114.5 kilograms and its length was 96 centimeters. To reach this size, the fruit took 147 days to ripen. The huge watermelon was given to parishioners from a local church, who were surprised not only by the size, but also by the taste of the watermelon, which turned out to be very sweet.

3.Russia also distinguished itself - in 2009, a watermelon (Russian size variety) was born weighing 61.4 kilograms (despite the fact that the average watermelon weighs 4-15 kilograms). Its “author” was Igor Likhosenko from the Temryuk district (Krasnodar region, Russia), who has now been growing watermelons for more than 28 years. According to the farmer, despite its size, the largest watermelon in Russia did not have any special taste. It had about 8% sugar, while a regular watermelon has 12-13% sugar.

Did you know that, in addition to huge watermelons, there are also dwarf watermelons?

In South America, small watermelons, only 3-4 centimeters long, called Pepquinos, are grown. They taste like fresh cucumber and are often used in expensive restaurants to prepare various salads, sorbet or as an appetizer. They were discovered and brought to Europe in 1987 by the Dutch company Koppert Cress, which then began producing their seeds for sale. Pumpkins are giants. 1. If we talk about the largest pumpkin that has ever been grown in the world, then the Americans are the leader here. A US resident, Chris Stevens, managed to grow a fetus whose weight exceeded 820 kg!

This is the pumpkin that Chris Stevens (USA) grew in 2010; she weighed 821.23 kg, and her circumference at the center reached 4.73 meters. 2. Japanese farmer Koji Ueno grew this giant pumpkin weighing 485.1 kilograms! It has twice won first place in the nationwide "Japan's Biggest Pumpkin" competition. The largest pumpkins are weighed using a forklift.

3. Joe Midway hugs a 392kg pumpkin at the Sydney Easter Market. It was raised by horticulturist Ken Ryan. The pumpkin won the competition for the largest fruit.

4. And below is the world champion and record holder of 2014, which weighs almost like a real carriage in which you can send Cinderella to the ball. We are talking about a mass of 950 kilos. The superfruit ripened on the farm of Benny Meyer, a 30-year-old Swiss. To transport the pumpkin to the exhibition and get the prize, I had to hire a truck with a crane. Abundant watering and daily care contributed to the ripening of the melon monster.

5. American farmer Harry Miller in 2013 became the overall winner of the annual world pumpkin weighing championship “Super Bowl of Weigh-Offs”. A farmer managed to grow a pumpkin weighing 900 kilograms in his garden! The top prize was $11,910.

6. A pumpkin weighing about 700 kilograms was grown by American Thad Starr on his plot in Oregon. He regularly brings giant pumpkins to various fairs and competitions. One of the latest specimens weighs approximately 800 kilograms.

Super-giants among zucchini.

1. Briton Joe Atherton won a competition for the largest zucchini at a gardening fair in Yorkshire. The weight of the winning fetus was approximately 44 kilograms.

2. Gardener Phillip Vowels with his son Andrew and a 51kg squash in Llangarry, South Wales.

3. A gentleman named Peter Glazebrook, living in the north of England in Newark, devoted his life to growing huge fruits of cultivated plants. Most recently, in September 2015, a 70-year-old Englishman won the championship in the “Heaviest Zucchini” competition. The vegetable grown by Glazebrook weighs 52.2 kg and has the potential to satisfy the appetite of any glutton, with the needs of a Gargantua, Robin Bobbin or Bad Boy.

4. The largest zucchini grew on Norfolk Island (Australia). The giant weighs as much as an adult man - 65 kilograms, and only two people could lift it.

The vegetable, included in the Guinness Book of Records, weighs 3 kilograms more than its record-holder predecessor. Miracle - carrots in the garden .

1. The heaviest carrot was grown by Alaskan farmer John Evans and weighed 8.61 kg.

The root crop was included in the Guinness Book of Records in 1998. John Evans holds several more world records: the largest cauliflower and the heaviest broccoli. 2. Another record holder among carrots was a root crop grown by Briton Joe Artenon from Nottinghamshire. This giant carrot reached 5.81 meters in length and took 14 months to grow.

Giant cabbage . 1. This is a ten-year-old resident of Alaska, Kevan Dinkel, who grew a head of cabbage weighing 41.9 kilograms.

2.American farmer Scott Robb managed to grow cabbage weighing almost 63 kilograms in 2012. He presented the giant vegetable at the fair, which takes place annually in Palmar. However, the fruit was never included in the Guinness Book of Records. At the moment, the recognized giant among cabbage heads is the 58-kilogram vegetable grown in 2006 in Alaska.

3. Farmer Derek Neumann takes a giant cabbage to the flower and vegetable exhibition, which takes place annually in the UK, in the town of Harrowgate.

Proud exhibitors at the Harrowgate Farmers' Festival.

This is Yorkshire Fair judges Adrian Reid and Dave Alcock hugging the winner of the giant vegetable show - a 30kg head of cabbage. Miracle tomatoes . 1. In 2015, Joe Etherton won the English tomato competition in the “Gigantomo” category with a tomato monster weighing 1.7 kilograms.

2. A resident of Norway grew a giant tomato weighing more than 1.1 kg

Did you know? Maximum tomatoes from one bush. Graham Tranter from Bridgnorth (Shropshire, UK) grew a tomato with a record number of fruits - 488 fruits were harvested in the autumn of 2010. Graham broke his own record, set in 2009, of 304 fruits from one plant. But the Japanese entered the Guinness Book of Records by growing a tomato tree the height of a three-story house on a special frame.

An Israeli, Nissan Tamir, has also been growing garden crops for a long time and with pleasure. On his plot, everything takes on gigantic proportions, even the radishes, which have gained 21 kilograms of weight.

Miracle potatoes in the garden.

1. The weight of this tuber was 11.2 kilograms! At first the farmer couldn’t believe his eyes, because he didn’t even try to grow such a huge potato! Also, Khalil Tir from Lebanon (Saudi Arabia) said that when growing potatoes he did not use any fertilizers and did not pay special attention to his beds, the potatoes grew as usual. Farmer Khalil is very pleased that it was he who grew the largest potatoes in his garden. After entering the Guinness Book of Records, interest in his farm grew greatly, and potato sales increased several times. 2. 70-year-old Peter Glazebrook - a British gardener, the same one who in September 2015 (see above) won the championship in the "Heaviest Zucchini" competition (weight 52.2 kg) spends almost all his time on his hobby - vegetable gardening . Among his achievements are the heaviest potatoes, as well as the heaviest onions, and also a gigantic cauliflower, simply colossal in size. 27.5 kg - this is exactly how much the Glazebrook cauliflower pulled, and this head of cabbage is 1.8 meters in diameter. This vegetable is enough to feed an entire family for several weeks. Peter Glazebrook has set 10 records included in the Guinness Book of Records, including the last 3 records in the “Largest Vegetable” category. In 2010, at the vegetable fair in Shelton Mallet (Somerset, Britain), he presented a potato weighing 3.76 kg - the size of a newborn!

This vegetable was a participant in the same Yorkshire fair in 2011. Other giant vegetables grown by Peter Glazebrook (Britain) And here, retired gardener from the UK Peter Glazebrook demonstrates the world's largest onion. The “tear-tear giant” weighs 8.2 kilograms, which is 60 grams more than the previous record registered by the Guinness Book of Records. By the way, the previous record-breaking bulb was also grown by Peter Glazebrook.

It is not without reason that Mr. Tony Glover from the English countryside considers himself the king of onions. His name is mentioned in the Guinness Book of Records because Tony managed to grow the heaviest onion on Earth - weighing 8.5 kg.

In general, growing vegetables is the whole life of the elderly Briton Peter Glazebrook; in his garden he rests his soul and works with his hands, and this gives him vitality and tranquility.

Thanks everyone for your attention!

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The benefits of cute food

Is it necessary to talk in detail about how useful such activities are for children? In principle, everything is clear - with the help of such tasty plates, the child will sweep off the table everything that you offer him as “paints” for such a “picture”.

But, as the experience of many parents shows, the child will learn a lot in the process of creating these useful, beautiful masterpieces.

1. When placing certain foods on a plate with your child, you can read something to him or tell him about the participants in this fun action. And the child will clearly know and remember what certain fruits, berries, vegetables, etc. look like.

1. By memorizing the appearance of the components, the child can get to know their other side - with benefit. He will know the benefits of not only his delicious favorite berries, tangerines, bananas, etc., but also carrots, pumpkins, onions and everything else that he doesn’t really like.

1. You can enrich your child’s understanding of all this by talking about the external characteristics of the components, namely color, shape, surface features, taste, olfactory characteristics, etc.

1. Clarify and expand your child’s knowledge about vegetables and fruits, or more precisely, about how and where these foods can be consumed and prepared.

1. You can practice with your baby in conducting simple experiments to identify the taste of foods.

1. By asking about a particular product, you will strengthen your recognition skills by describing fruits and vegetables.

1. Speaking about certain ingredients, their qualities (ripe, sleepy, tasty, healthy, rosy, aromatic, bitter, sweet, sour, smooth, rough, etc.), you can also develop your child’s knowledge of the language (by practicing with him in using, for example, feminine, masculine, neuter nouns, adjectives that denote characteristics and qualities), and also expand your vocabulary.

1. By preparing this or that picture-plate with your baby, you will not only teach him the basics of cooking, but also easily and excitingly cultivate curiosity in him, develop memory, speech and perception.

1. By naming vegetables, fruits, berries and other products, you can make speech connections. For example, beets grow in the garden, borscht is cooked from it, salads are made, etc. The harvest, for example, of cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, etc., is harvested at that time. Collocations can be made in conjunction with the words plant, grow, water, pluck, pull out, dig up, care for, etc.

1. When making such plate pictures, you can turn on good children's music. Listening to it while creating delicious and appetizing pictures, the child develops aesthetically.

How to help your baby love vegetables

So, the baby has grown up, and the pediatrician gave the go-ahead to introduce solid food into the diet. Now how can you persuade your baby to eat vegetables? We have several ways. According to the recommendation of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia, a child should eat a variety of vegetables and fruits at least five times a day.

Let's lead by example

Children like to imitate adults. Your child should see you happily eating vegetables, preparing various dishes from them, or simply cutting them up as a snack. The baby will most likely reach for a cup of salad on his own. But if there are not enough vegetables in your diet, then it will be difficult to convince your baby of the need for such a product. So let's start with ourselves.

We don’t get carried away with camouflaging vegetables

For example, if your baby is crazy about meatballs, sometimes you can add a little grated carrot to them. But it is important that the child knows and loves vegetables in their original form, because our goal is to teach the child to love a variety of vegetables.

Let the sprig of cauliflower be not a “tree”, but a cauliflower - so beautiful and unique by nature. It is important for a child to explore the world in all its diversity, without camouflage techniques.

We don't give up trying

Think about your first reaction to something new: most likely, you will be suspicious of it at first. So, it is absolutely normal for children to say “I don’t want it” in response to vegetables that they try for the first time. What to do? Try adding this vegetable to your baby's familiar and favorite food, but don't focus on it. Some parents need a dozen tries.

But there should be no punishment for refusing to eat vegetables. Just ignore it and give your child vegetables another time or some time after lunch.

Cooking vegetables together

The child will most likely want to try the dish he participated in the creation.

How to organize it:

• choose vegetables together in the store - their variety on the shelves will certainly interest your little one
• Invite your baby to wash them himself, even if he gets wet or wet everything around him.
• Let your child put the vegetables in the pan themselves before cooking.

We praise the child

Just tell your little one: “Anya, I’m very pleased that you tried peas for dinner today. Well done!"

But there is a fine line here too.
It is important that your baby eats vegetables because he really likes them, and not because he wants your approval. Note to moms and dads
Do not use the “eat zucchini, get cookies” scheme. The child will be interested in sweets. It is important for us that vegetables become a natural and obligatory part of the diet, and not a hated obstacle to “goodies.” In addition, this intake can lead to eating disorders and overeating.

Making vegetable dinners varied and fun

Offer vegetables of different shapes, colors and textures - there is a high chance that the child will definitely find something he likes. Make funny faces or pictures out of vegetables. For example, the usual mashed potatoes can be given cat ears made from zucchini, eyes made from peas and antennae made from carrots.

Important:

If the baby absolutely refuses vegetables, then consult a pediatrician.

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What could be easier to identify a fruit or vegetable?! But in fact, not every adult can clearly determine the difference, and how many fruits and vegetables do we know?

Interesting fact.

Botanists believe that the part of the plant that contains the seeds is the fruit. They divide fruits into three main classes: fleshy fruits with seeds, such as oranges, melons, berries and apples; stone fruits such as cherries, plums, peaches; and dry fruits such as nuts, grains, beans and peas. If you're surprised that botanists consider beans and peas to be fruits (because they contain seeds), then you'll be even more surprised to learn that cucumbers and squash are also called fruits. It depends on how seriously we want to take this area of ​​knowledge. In addition, in different parts of the world there are different traditions: the same edible part of a plant is considered a fruit in one place and a vegetable in another. But now I won’t delve into the thorns of botany.

Today we will talk about how to explain to a child what is a fruit and what is a vegetable, so that in any developmental manual for children you will be faced with the question “where is the vegetable, where is the fruit?”, in the future the child will be asked such a question in the garden, even When entering some schools, a child may be puzzled by a similar question.

When teaching children, I try to adhere to two rules: teach them to think and instill a love of learning, and I advise parents to do the same. Try not to put ready-made food in your mouth, but help your child think of something on his own, help him find a way, and don’t decide for yourself. And most importantly, encourage children not with sweets, but with activities.

In our case today, it is also important that the child not only remember that an apple is a fruit, a cucumber is a vegetable, but that he can logically understand where the fruit and vegetable are. The generalization method will help us here.

Traditionally, children are taught to identify fruits and vegetables in a simplified way based on two criteria:

- taste;

- place of growth.

The first sign is taste. As a rule, all fruits are sweet, but vegetables are not. Therefore, the child can operate on his past and future experience; if it is sweet, then most likely it is a fruit.

The second sign is growth. Fruits grow on trees, and vegetables on the ground (in beds).

Everything has its “buts” and exceptions, but you shouldn’t bother your child with them. There is no need to talk about melons yet, about the fact that a watermelon is a berry, unless, of course, the child himself suddenly asks what this very watermelon is.

To explain to the child what fruits/vegetables are, how to distinguish them and remember them, I prepared 3 tasks.

Task No. 1. Decorate it.

I suggest starting with a reminder of the vegetables and fruits themselves. save and print the coloring pages. One depicts fruits and the other vegetables. We remember with the baby what the vegetables are called - we color them (at the same time we turn on the visual memory and remember what color they are). We move on to fruits, remember the names of these fruits, and ask the child: “What does a peach taste like?” (sweet), we ask about the rest of the fruits and conclude that all the fruits are sweet.

After we have refreshed our memory of the names of fruits and vegetables and remembered what they look like, we remove the coloring and move on to another task.

Advice. Help your child color pictures; you will be a role model for careful coloring. Even at an early age, children get bored with painting large areas with one color, but the joint action will captivate them. For example, you are coloring a potato, and the child is a cucumber.

COLORING SHEETS HERE.

Task No. 2. What did the artist forget to draw?

Say that you are going for a walk in the garden, but what is wrong in this garden? The artist forgot to depict fruits and vegetables here. We cut out fruits and vegetables from the application and glue our fruits together. It is important to correctly “plant” the vegetables in the garden bed and “hang” the fruits on the trees.

Advice. If your child doesn’t know how to cut yet, cut out the vegetables/fruits yourself before class.

Task No. 3. Help me collect.

Now the baby knows what a fruit is, what a vegetable is, how and where they grow, so he can put his knowledge into practice and help others. For example, a cook can cook vegetable soup. We cut out vegetables from the app and glue them onto the pan. We help the second cook make jam, but what is jam made from? Of course, from fruits, they are so sweet.

COOK GUIDE HERE

It is not at all necessary to do 3 stages one after another. Can be divided into 3 days. After some time, repeat these tasks and see how much the child has mastered the material.

AND:

CHILDREN'S DRAWING COMPETITION

AND FOR PARENTS LOTTERY

Natalia Sinitsyna