APPLE
The amber apples are ripe on the apple tree. Yana and Yasha ate amber apples. (N. Lunina) Everyone knows what an apple looks like. This is not surprising. An apple is among fruits as a potato is among vegetables. Apple orchards on our planet occupy five million hectares. This is the most common fruit tree. The apple has been known to people since ancient times. There is a mention of this fruit in the Bible. It was the apple that Eve plucked from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of the home apple tree. The ancient Greeks and Romans considered the apple a symbol of love and dedicated it to the goddess of beauty. The ancient Germans were sure that apples were the favorite fruit of the gods. They planted apple trees around their houses, hoping that the evil storm god would not throw lightning arrows at them. In Russia, apple trees began to be grown already in the 11th century. In 1051, an apple orchard was founded in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. The first apple orchards appeared in the Moscow region in the 12th century. by order of Yuri Dolgoruky.
On August 19, Rus' celebrated the Apple Savior. Until this time, apples were not supposed to be picked. On this day, ripe fruits were collected from apple trees and blessed in churches. Apples were given to the poor and homeless. The more beggars you treat, the more abundant the harvest will be next year. Housewives baked apple pie on this day. Several hundred varieties of apples are known in Russia. They are divided into summer, autumn and winter. In the second half of September, winter varieties of apples were collected: Antonovka and Semerinka. The skin of these varieties is thick, with a special waxy coating that protects the fruit from rotting. You can store them until spring. Apples are eaten fresh, dried, soaked and frozen. They are used to prepare juices, compote, jam, jam, marmalade, and jelly. Apples are very useful. It is no coincidence that the Russian people created a fairy tale about rejuvenating apples. Eat them and you will be young and healthy. Apples contain vitamins, sugars, iron, potassium and magnesium salts. RIDDLE Same with a fist, Red barrel. If you touch it with your finger, it’s smooth, And if you bite it, it’s sweet. (Apple) PROVERBS AND SAYINGS • September smells like apple, October smells like cabbage. • No apple falls past the apple tree. • Like the tree, so are the apples.
Riddles about fruits, vegetables and berries for children
Website “Mom can do anything!” I collected the most “delicious” riddles about fruits, vegetables and berries for children. Riddles about everyone's favorite apricots and watermelons, pumpkin and cabbage, apples and pears and much more.
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What kind of fruit has ripened in the garden? Bone inside, freckled cheeks. A swarm of wasps flew to him - Sweet is soft... (apricot)
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It will stick around the branch like a swarm, And the branch will become golden. The beauty of Siberia and Altai, a pantry of health for everyone. (Sea buckthorn)
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Warmed by the hot sun, dressed in a skin like armor. Thick-Skinned One Will Surprise Us With Himself... (Pineapple)
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The blue of the sky will thicken above the earth, A wonderful miracle will suddenly happen in the taiga: Blue scatterings of tender, juicy berries will fall on the bushes like blue dew. (Blueberry)
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It’s big, like a soccer ball. If it’s ripe, everyone is happy. It tastes so good! What kind of ball is this? (Watermelon)
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Having warmed its sides in the sun, It hangs on the tree for now, It’s filled with fragrant juice, And you can see right through the seeds. (Apple)
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It grows like a bunch of bushes, Shines with a green leaf, And all the taiga glades are crimson from this berry. (Cowberry)
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The golden magic fruit just begs to be put into our mouths. I hid the bones inside. There are four of them, look. If the fruit is not ripe, it will tie your mouth like a rope. (Persimmon)
*** Children know this fruit, monkeys love to eat it. It comes from hot countries and grows in the tropics... (Banana)
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The berry is red and bitter, But it has great strength, The sun burned the berry, It contains health. (Kalina)
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The scarlet itself is sugar, the caftan is green and velvet. (Watermelon)
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It looks like an orange, well, exactly the same. Only bigger and sour, And a little greener. What is the name of this fruit? Did you guess it? (Grapefruit)
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There is a golden skin on the side, And under the skin there is sweet juice. Each slice contains a sip for both son and daughter. (Orange)
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The long-legged one boasts - Am I not a beauty, I myself am a bone, Yes, a little red bone. (Cherry)
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A fruit known to everyone in the world, although sour, it is healthy. You cut it up and make it into tea. What's the name? Answer! (Lemon)
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Three sisters, born in the spring, Are very similar while they are green, But they differ, since each is ripe, Look: red, black, white. (Currant)
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It looks like a pear and also like an apple. You can barely guess. Oh, yes, this is... (quince)
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What kind of fruit is this - a box with a secret! The seeds are delicious to look at, all transparent, all pink, when you shake them, how strange it is, they don’t ring. (Pomegranate)
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Look into the garden in the fall - Bells are hanging: Bronze, copper, Not harmful to the stomach. (Pears)
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Round, ruddy, I grow on a branch. Adults and little children love me. (Apple)
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Sugarloaf Green as grass. If you crack it, it contains scarlet sugar, which both old and young love. (Watermelon)
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The bead is red, full of sweets, and in the bead there is a cane, on the cane there is a bone. (Cherry)
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Yellow citrus fruit grows in sunny countries. But it tastes sour, And its name is... (Lemon)
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This is the sister of cherries, But she is large and kind, Before cherries were in bloom, Sweeter than cherries in the mouth. (Cherries)
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In satin blue dresses they will roll into the grass under the crown. They will be used for jam and compote, or wash it and put it straight into your mouth. (Plums)
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Balls hang on the branches, Turned blue from the heat. (Plum)
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It’s the size of a fist, a red barrel, If you touch it, it’s smooth, if you bite it, it’s sweet. (Apple)
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It’s big, like a soccer ball. If it’s ripe, everyone is happy. It tastes so good! What kind of ball is this? (Watermelon)
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Yellow ball, slightly bitter. In summer it will quench your thirst. (Grapefruit)
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It bloomed white and pink, grew sour and green, poured and turned red, and brought health to everyone. (Apple)
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You can barely hug this fruit; if it’s weak, you won’t be able to lift it. Cut it into pieces and eat the red pulp. (Watermelon)
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It grows where the south is hot, serving our health; Dried with a seed is an apricot, and without it it is a dried apricot. (Apricot)
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There are a lot of berries in the forest, I take black and gray ones. Eat them and your tongue will instantly turn purple. All their usefulness is in the blackness - I will see in the dark. (Blueberry)
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This fruit is sweet and round and smooth. It's fragrant on the inside and fluffy on the outside.
(Peach)
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A golden crescent, as if filled with honey. It is fragrant, soft, sweet, and very smooth to the touch. (Banana)
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It is orange in color, gigantic in size, rich in vitamins, bitter, sour and rejuvenating. (Grapefruit)
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Blue uniform, white lining, Sweet in the middle. (Plum)
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There's a round piece of wood hanging, It's a complete bruise, There's a bone inside - And anyone could eat it. (Plum)
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Like in a princess's box, a handful of ancient red rubies. Sweet juice in ripe rubies. You've probably eaten them more than once. (Pomegranate)
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There is pink fluff on his cheeks, He is a prince in the summer markets. Its wonderful juice lives, And the bone is in wrinkles. (Peach)
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Drop-shaped, plum-colored, the vegetable is delicious and beautiful. (Eggplant)
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One hundred clothes - All without fasteners. (Cabbage)
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Admire: what a fairy tale! A pointer was hidden in the garden bed. Bright red cheat! And her name is... (carrot)
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This vegetable is sweet and sour, round, juicy, soft, smooth. He rubbed his cheeks red, and it’s called... (tomato).
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I was born to glory, my head is white and curly. Who loves cabbage soup - look for Me in them. (Cabbage)
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It's a vegetable, not a bush. This word has a juicy crunch. If you really love cabbage soup, look for this vegetable in them. (Cabbage)
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She hides from the sun Under a bush in a deep hole, Brown is not a bear, In a hole - but not a mouse. (Potato)
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Near the house, between the bushes, In the field, in the garden bed, along the forests, An important crop grows, With a strong, dense texture. We will collect all the tubers, dry them and clean them up, we will eat them until spring, the dishes from them are delicious. (Potato)
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Casseroles, potato pancakes, Pancakes and mashed potatoes, Zrazy and dumplings, Livers in peel, And excellent okroshka Can be made from... (Potatoes)
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The grandfather sits, wearing a hundred fur coats, and whoever undresses him sheds tears. (Onion)
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It is like a traffic light: Red, yellow or green. Everyone has known for a long time Stuffed, salted. You put it in the salad and add it to the seasonings. Don't sit idle, call this vegetable. (Pepper)
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Garlic is a beloved brother, And it’s no one’s fault that whoever touches him will instantly shed a tear. (Onion)
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It can be black, it can be white. He pulled the tail from the garden bed and made it with sour cream. (Radish)
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A beautiful maiden sits in prison, and her braid is on the street. (Carrot)
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He dragged the Fox out of his mink by his curly tuft. It feels very smooth to the touch, it tastes like sweet sugar. (Carrot)
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It comes in different colors, children – yellow, grassy and red. Either he is hot, or he is sweet, You need to know his habits. And in the kitchen - the head of spices! Did you guess it? This is... (Pepper)
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This vegetable is a brother to the cucumber, that’s what people say. Here he lay down on his side. Striped... (zucchini)
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This is not a toy at all - Fragrant... (Parsley)
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How riddles grew in our garden bed, juicy and large, so round. They turn green in summer, and turn red in autumn. (Tomatoes)
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It lies on the bed under the leaf. It is pimply, not smooth. And finally green. And it’s called... (cucumber)
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There is no more beautiful vegetable in our garden. How juicy, red, round, her nose has grown into the garden bed! It just begs to be added to our bowl. What is her name? (Radish)
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She hides from the sun Under a bush in a deep hole, Brown is not a bear, In a hole - but not a mouse. (Potato)
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My cheeks are pink, my nose is white, I sit in the dark all day. And the shirt is green, it’s all in the sun. (Radish)
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Round, not the moon, white, not paper, with a tail, not a mouse. (Turnip)
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Round, not a month, Yellow, not butter, Sweet, not sugar, With a tail, not a mouse. (Turnip)
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Grandfather dragged her from the garden, but one could not get her. They pulled everything in order, One, two, three, four, five. But she sat tight. Who is she? Of course (Turnip)
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Above the ground there is grass, Under the ground there is a burgundy head. (Beet)
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It's good for puree; it's hardly used in tea. Until spring it is stored in a cellar or basement. Think a little. Oh, yes, this is... (potato).
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There is a yellow ball in the garden, But it doesn’t run at a gallop, It’s like the full moon, The seeds in it are delicious. (Pumpkin)
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All decorated with flowers, take a look at it for yourself. Let's fry these white inflorescences in breadcrumbs for the children. (Cauliflower)
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Even if she grew up in the garden, she knows the notes G and F. (Beans)
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What is this miracle in the garden? It looks like a shell under the leaf. It is wavy on all sides. What kind of vegetable? (Squash)
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Small and bitter, Luke’s brother. (Garlic)
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The green house is a bit cramped: narrow, long, smooth. Round kids are sitting side by side in the house. In the fall, trouble came - the smooth house cracked, Round kids galloped in all directions. (Peas)
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White clove for colds Chewing is not bad at all. For colds and diseases There is no healthier vegetable. (Garlic)
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He dragged the Fox out of his mink by his curly tuft. It feels very smooth to the touch, it tastes like sweet sugar. (Carrot)
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From a field mouse, He disappeared into the ground with his head, From above there are only tight arrows, Skillfully reaching towards the sun. Cures seven ailments, Ripe is useful to everyone... (Onion)
PEAR
Pear is very tasty. We are very sad without a pear. Pear is delicious, especially in jam. (I. Goryunova) In terms of popularity and space occupied, the pear is in third place after the apple and cherry trees. Pear cultivation began a long time ago. The ancient Roman writer Cato the Elder, in his treatise “On Agriculture,” written more than two thousand years ago, gave recommendations on how to properly grow pears. Pliny the Elder described 35 varieties of pears in his work. Unlike modern varieties, pears in ancient Rome were hard. They became soft at the end of the 18th century thanks to the efforts of French and Belgian breeders. One of them, Van Monet, developed 400 varieties of pears, 40 of which are still popular today.
Now the number of pear varieties has exceeded several thousand. Pears are grown in gardens; they also grow on forest edges and in clearings in deciduous forests. It feels good on rocky mountain slopes, as it is not picky about the soil and tolerates drought and light frosts. Pear trees begin to bear fruit in 5–7 years. True, at first the harvest is small. But when the tree gains strength, they get up to 200 centners per hectare. Pears live quite a long time, up to 300 years. The oldest fruit tree in the world is considered to be a pear tree, planted in 1630 within the American city of Denver. A wonderful pear, very sweet, like honey. It just begs to be placed in your palm, and then quickly into your mouth. (N. Migunova) The pear fruit consists of 97% pulp, 2.5% is the skin and only 0.5% is the seeds. It contains vitamins D and C, potassium, magnesium, and iron salts. Pears are eaten fresh, many delicious dishes are prepared from them, jams, jams, compotes are made, pears are dried and pickled. RIDDLE Birds hang upside down on the trees between the leaves. (Pears)
Paintings on the theme “Fruit”
Ilya Efimovich Repin “Apples and Leaves”
We all know Ilya Efimovich Repin as a master of portraiture and a master of large canvases on mythological and historical themes (for example, the painting “Barge Haulers on the Volga,” which we discussed in the topic “Professions”). Still life was not the artist’s main genre, and we can say that the painting “Apples and Leaves” was created by accident. The still life, combining fruits and leaves, was created and staged by Repin for his student, young V.A. Serova. But the teacher liked the composition so much that he decided to paint such a still life himself.
A completely simple plot: six apples from the garden and a heap of leaves, but it’s all so native, Russian, realistic. The yellowish-green and red apples are not depicted as ideal “waxy” fruits, but as real, living fruits should look. It is felt that they have irregularities, dents and small spots. The simplicity of the painting makes the canvas a masterpiece worthy of the world's best halls and exhibitions.
Ilya Efimovich Repin loved nature very much. He lived 86 years and until his old age he slept in the cold, swam in the sea, never spent a day without gymnastics and ate a lot of vegetables and fruits. If Repin had a break from drawing, he found other activities for himself - riding a horse, swimming, working in the garden, planting plants or clearing snow in winter. And he did not hesitate to offer shovels to his guests, for example, Chukovsky, Mayakovsky or Chaliapin. Proper nutrition, physical activity, favorite work and the ability to live simply (without frills) are the main secrets of the longevity of the great artist. As in the painting “Apples and Leaves,” beauty is in simplicity.
Paul Cezanne "Still life with drapery, jug and fruit bowl"
QUINCE
Transcaucasia and Central Asia are considered the homeland of quince; it is in these areas that it is now found in the wild. Quinces have been grown since time immemorial, more than 4,000 years ago. The Latin name for quince is Cytfonia, presumably derived from the city of Cydon on the island of Crete; it was widely cultivated already in the first millennium BC. The ancient Greeks treated the quince with respect; for them it was a symbol of beauty and fertility. It was customary to treat newlyweds to quince. According to one version, the cause of the discord between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite was not an apple, but a quince. Currently, about 400 varieties of quince are known. They differ from each other in the structure of flowers and the shape of fruits. True, the differences between them are not as significant as, for example, between apple varieties.
Quince fruits are yellow in color with different shades, sometimes with a slight blush, very dense, hard and crunchy. If there are greenish spots on the quince, it means that it is not yet fully ripe. The pulp of this fruit is slightly viscous, tart and quite aromatic - the smell has something of an apple, and there is also a coniferous tint. You should only eat ripe quince; it is advisable to give it a chance to age. The longer it sits, the tastier, more aromatic and softer it becomes, the astringent taste disappears. Quince is a very healthy fruit. It contains potassium, magnesium, calcium, vitamin C, malic and citric acids. Quince pulp is rich in pectin. Quince is a universal fruit. It is eaten raw, it makes delicious compotes, jams, preserves, candied fruits, it can be added to porridge, salad, vegetable soup. Quince mustard is a seasoning made from quince and mustard with the addition of ginger and coriander. Quince cheese is condensed quince juice with pulp. Quince is grown in many countries of the world - in Europe, North America, North Africa, East and Central Asia. Cold-resistant varieties have also been developed and are successfully cultivated in the Volga region. Another variety of quince is Japanese quince, or chaenomeles. The flowers and fruits of this plant are similar to quince. Chaenomeles was brought to Europe from Japan at the end of the 17th century. Gradually it gained popularity among gardeners - it has very beautiful decorative flowers. Japanese quince fruits are also edible, but they are more sour.
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At what age are children given fruit?
Accustoming your baby to fruits right from the cradle is not the best idea. They can irritate the intestines that are not yet strong and cause an allergic rash. Introduce fruits into your child’s diet gradually, from about 8-9 months. You should start with 1/2 tsp. juice If no negative reaction is observed, you can continue.
You can introduce pureed fruits that suit your baby. Later, when the first teeth begin to appear, you can gradually give fruit in pieces. This will help strengthen your teeth and gums. Fruits and berries, which are strong allergens, are best left for the 2nd year of the baby’s life.
