Summary of a literacy lesson “Sound [sh], letters Ш,ш”

What is sound? This is the minimum component of human speech. Depicted in letters. In written form, sounds are distinguished from letters by the presence of square brackets [ ] at the first, which are used in phonetic transcription. The letter is o, the sound is [o]. The transcription shows differences in spelling and pronunciation. An apostrophe [ ] indicates soft pronunciation....

The sounds are divided into:

• Vowels. They can be pulled easily. During their creation, the tongue does not take an active part, being fixed in one position. The sound is created due to changes in the position of the tongue, lips, various vibrations of the vocal cords and the force of air supply. Prolongation of vowels is the basis of vocal art (chanting, “singing smoothly”).
• The consonants of the Russian language are pronounced with the participation of the tongue, which, occupying a certain position and shape, creates an obstacle to the movement of air from the lungs. This leads to noise in the oral cavity. At the output they are converted into sound. Also, the free passage of air is hampered by the lips, which close and open during speech.

Consonants are divided into:

• voiceless and voiced. Deafness and sonority of sound depend on the functioning of the speech apparatus,
• hard and soft. The sound is determined by the position of the letter in the word.

Letters representing consonants

Why is the production and automation of the sound Sh important?

You should not delay setting or correcting the “Sh” sound. Up to 3 years of age, children may still not be able to pronounce sounds clearly (within normal limits), but if this problem continues, then it is necessary to do articulatory gymnastics and teach the child to breathe correctly while pronouncing sounds.

The reason for the incorrect pronunciation may be: a short frenulum, adults “lisped” with the child in childhood (he heard his loved ones pronounce sounds, remembered this and adopted it).

If you give up on the production of “Ш”, the child will continue to replace the problematic sound with others, his speech (both oral and written) will not be understood by the teacher, as a result of which the student’s performance will decrease, and his peers will laugh at him. All this will lead to psychological trauma, complexes, and the child may withdraw into himself.

Paired consonants

What does consonant pairing mean? Two letters that are similar in sound and, when pronounced, take similar positions with the tongue, are called paired consonants. The pronunciation of consonants can be divided into one-stage (lips and tongues are involved in their creation) and two-stage - the ligaments are connected first, then the mouth. Those cases when, during pronunciation, mouth movements coincide and create pairs.

Summary table of paired consonants taking into account hardness and softness

In speech, it is common not to pronounce each letter, but to “eat” it. This is not an exception only for Russian speech. This is found in almost all languages ​​of the world and is especially noticeable in English. In Russian, this effect is subject to the rule: paired consonant sounds replace (auditory) each other during speech. For example: love – [l' u b o f'].

But not everyone has their own pair. There are some that are not similar in pronunciation to any others - these are unpaired consonants . The reproduction technique differs from the pronunciation of other sounds and combines them into groups.

Paired consonants

Preparation of the articulatory apparatus

In order to start working on sound production, it is necessary to train the muscles of the oral cavity using speech gymnastics, which must be performed in front of a mirror.

Possible articulation exercises:

• “cup” or “bucket”: raise the tongue in a wide position to the upper teeth and hold for several seconds;
• “spatula”: place the tongue in the same position on the lower lip and hold for several seconds;
• stretch your lips forward in the form of a tube and smile (hold for 5 seconds);
• blow on soap bubbles, cotton balls, fluff, floating toys in the water;
• stretch out the tongue in the shape of a needle;
• make a “clock” with your tongue (move your tongue from side to side), “rocker” (the tongue is extended forward and you need to raise/lower its back);
• “whiten the mouth”: close the mouth, move the tongue across the palate, as if we were whitening it;
• "clatter";
• copy the movements of a cat's tongue when she laps milk.

Deaf

Quiet, it’s quite difficult to shout them. The vocal cords do not obstruct the movement of air from the lungs, and sound is formed by changing the shape of the lips and the position of the tongue.

Voiceless in Russian: [k], [p], [s], [t], [f], [x], [ts], [sh]. The easiest way to remember is a phrase, and not a set of letters, “Styopka, do you want a cheek? Fi!” containing them all.

An example in which all consonant sounds are unvoiced: rooster, honeycomb, pin.

This is interesting! How phonetic analysis of a word is done: an example of sound analysis

Technique of sound production Ш

You can make the sound “Ш” in different ways:

• imitating;
• with the help of articulatory gymnastics;
• using other sounds;
• mechanically.

At the initial stages, the child not only looks at the adult and repeats the correct pronunciation, but also looks at himself in the mirror and analyzes what he is doing wrong. The speech therapist or parent carefully watches how the baby pronounces the sound “SH” and makes correct comments.

Regular articulation gymnastics helps develop the speech apparatus, thanks to which the child pronounces sounds correctly.

When setting “Ш” you can use other sounds:

• just put the sound “Ш” from “T”. The baby repeats “T” continuously, rounds and moves his lips forward, smiles, directs air along the groove;
• when the child pronounces “R” correctly, it is necessary to “growl” in a whisper, gradually reduce the pressure of the exhaled air until there is no more vibration (a slight hiss appears);
• from the sound “S”, you need to whistle for a long time, slightly raise the edge of the tongue towards the upper incisors and release the air (the sound “SH” will be heard).

Mechanical devices (probe, spatula) help fix the desired position of the tongue, which are best used by a speech therapist, because not all parents have the skill to control them.

The speech therapist, using instruments, makes the sound “Ш” from the vowels “A”, “E”, “Y”, raising the child’s tongue to the upper palate, from the consonants “S”, “R”. When the “Sh” can be clearly heard, the instrument is removed and the baby “hisses” on his own.

Voiced

When they are formed, the shape of the tongue is close to the form that produces voiceless sounds, but vibrations are added. Voiced consonant sounds create active vibrations of the ligaments. Vibrations deform the sound wave , and it is not the pure flow of air that enters the oral cavity, but the sound. Subsequently, it is further transformed by the tongue and lips.

Voiced consonants include: b, c, g, d, g, z, j, l, m, n, r.

When they are pronounced, tension is clearly felt in the larynx area. In addition, it is almost impossible to speak them clearly in a whisper.

A word in which all consonants are voiced: Rome, pride, ash, estuary.

Summary table of consonants (voiceless and voiced).

Automation of the sound Ш in syllables

After exercises to train the articulatory apparatus (with regular exercises), the sound pronunciation “Ш” is fixed in the syllables (repeated 3 times): -sha, -sho, -shu, -shi, -she, -ash, -osh, -ush, - ish, -esh, yosh, -yash, -yush.

The exercises are gradually complicated by other consonants:

Unpaired consonants

The first group can be pronounced softly. The second has no analogues in pronunciation.

Unpaired consonants are divided into:

• sonors – [th'], [l], [l'], [m], [m'], [n], [n'], [r], [r']. When they are pronounced, a stream of air hits the upper sky, like a dome,
• hissing – [x], [x'], [ts], [h'], [h'].

The Russian alphabet contains letters that are difficult to understand in context. Are the sounds [ch], [th], [ts], [n] voiced or unvoiced? Learn these 4 letters!

Important! [h] - deaf! [th] - sonorous! [ts] is deaf! [n] – sonorous!

Unpaired consonants

Automation Ш at the beginning of a word

Following the adult, the child says: washer, gang, skank, jackal, shawl, scarf, chocolate, Scotsman, highway, hair, shorts, whisper, screen, chimpanzee, wide, fizzy, sewing, cipher, show, shopping, shock, shock, shaker, shocker, lisp, sheriff, six, sixteen, gear, patronage, sheffer, toss, moor, squall, locker, barrier, hat, spanking, shmotnik, smack, lace, spy, spinach, syringe, sprats, cheat sheet, putty, headquarters, staff, tripod, adit.

Voiceless and voiced consonants

In the phonetics of the Russian language, voiceless consonants form pairs with voiced consonants that coincide in other characteristics, except for voicedness/voicelessness.

Always voiceless consonants [x], [ch'], [ts], [sch'] are unpaired. They do not have paired voiced consonants in Russian.

Automation Ш in sentences

To practice pure pronunciation, the child should repeat the sentences. This exercise is considered difficult.

1. Alyosha and Natasha are walking happily.
2. Misha wants to buy a big ball.
3. Dasha hangs the scarf on a new hanger.
4. Sasha rides a black horse.
5. They are sewing a new fur coat for Mishutka.
6. The fur coat has seams.
7. Wear a gray fur coat and hat today.
8. Yasha, wash your neck and ears.
9. The car was fitted with new black tires.
10. Natasha, give me a turret.
11. Katyusha, put on your galoshes so your feet don’t get wet [w].
12. Nastyusha used a sewing machine to sew 2 hats, 2 scarves and one fur coat for the doll.
13. The baby has a pencil.
14. The mouse rustles a piece of paper [w].
15. The kid picked lilies of the valley.
16. Our hut is very good.
17. Katyusha sewed a shirt, but was in a hurry.
18. Masha and Sasha followed Glasha.
19. My books [w] are in the closet.
20. There is a green frog sitting on the path [w].
21. Pasha and I play chess.
22. The cat runs after the mouse.
23. Mishka got a bump on the top of his head.
24. Our cat loves to play with a reel.
25. I found different coils in my grandmother's box.
26. Valyusha loves flatbreads and cheesecakes.
27. A seamstress will sew a parachute for a toy on a machine.

Incorrect pronunciation of sounds

1) pronunciations: interdental, buccal, lateral

2) “lower” pronunciation of the sounds “ Ш” , “ Х” (a gap is formed between the front part of the back of the tongue and the hard palate, reminiscent of the sound “ Ш ”)

3) posterior lingual (the gap is formed by the convergence of the back of the tongue and the hard palate)

4) replacement with other hissing or whistling sounds

Games for production and automation

If you conduct classes in the form of a game, the baby will not get tired and lose interest. An adult, using images, helps the child quickly understand how to pronounce the sound “Ш” correctly.

You can come up with a story: we pretend to be snakes or mice, and we need to quietly crawl to the food so that the cats don’t eat us.

When you need to practice the pronunciation of a sound, you can show pictures. The child looks at the image and names the objects. Afterwards, the task can be complicated: show a picture, and the child must describe what he sees, what actions and who is doing it.

Exercise “Finish the word”:

• SHA: Yes... (Dasha), ka... (porridge), Ma... (Masha), Mi... (Misha).
• SHU: pi... (writing), ma... (waving), but... (wearing), ko... (mow).
• SHI: we... (mice), small... (kids), halo... (galoshes), roofs... (roofs).

Exercise “There are many of us”:

• mouse - mice;
• baby - babies;
• hut - huts;
• reeds - reeds.

Exercise “Call me kindly”:

• Masha (Mashenka);
• Dasha (Dasha);
• Pasha (Pashenka);
• Misha (Mishenka);
• Sasha (Sasha).

Exercise “Continue the sentence” (sample “I write, and Misha writes):

• I wear, and... .
• I write and...
• I put it out, and... .
• I plow, and...

Exercise “Continue a series of words with the same root”:

• Noise (noisy, make noise).
• Jester (joke, joke).
• Step (step, walk).

Exercise “Put words into plural form” (sample “One baby - two kids - many kids”):

• reed;
• hut;
• galoshes;
• mouse;
• cat;
• mouse;
• midge.

Exercise “Putting words into the past form” (sample: Make noise – make noise – make noise):

• joke (joked - joked);
• hiss (hissed - made noise);
• rustle (rustled - rustled);
• whisper (whispered - whispered).

Exercise “Who does what?”:

• Reeds (makes noise).
• Mouse (rusts).
• Already (hisses).
• Naughty (being naughty).

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How to help your child pronounce the sound [Ш] correctly. Recommendations for parents

Elena Stepanova

How to help your child pronounce the sound [Ш] correctly. Recommendations for parents

Hissing sounds (Sh, Zh, Shch, Ch) are not always possible even for a six-year-old child. Instead of the word “bump” you can hear “detective”, “fifka”, “tytka”, “hykhka”. These are different options for incorrectly pronouncing the sound Ш.

In order to correctly pronounce the sound Ш, the tongue must take a certain position in the oral cavity. It is certainly wide, the front edge of the tongue is raised up and forms a gap with the hard palate near the upper front incisors, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed tightly against the upper molars. It is important that the tongue is absolutely symmetrical, otherwise you may end up with a lateral pronunciation of sibilants.

The sounds of speech are acquired by the child in a certain sequence. Moreover, the first sounds the child begins to pronounce are not those sounds that he hears more often, but those that are easier for him to pronounce. Lifting the tip of the tongue upward becomes possible for a child at the age of about three years. Therefore, hissing sounds appear in speech at 3-4 years.

Before trying to teach your child to hiss on your own, it is recommended to undergo a speech therapy examination by a specialist. Perhaps a shortened hyoid frenulum does not allow the tongue to rise up. Tongue muscle tone may cause lateral pronunciation. Only a specialist can cope with such features of the articulation organs.

If your baby's articulation organs are normal, the following course of action is suggested. The sequence of work is strictly defined! There is no need to rush to move from one point to the next.

1. Articulation gymnastics.

The most important and long-lasting job. It is recommended to approach this stage of work very carefully and thoroughly, since further work will depend on the quality of this period.

First of all, it is necessary to prepare the organs of articulation for correct pronunciation. A specially selected complex of articulation gymnastics will help you with this. While performing articulation exercises, the baby must learn to make his tongue wide, lift it up, blow air in the middle of the tongue, while keeping his lips extended. All exercises should be performed freely, in a playful, fun and interesting way. Children learn only by imitation. Therefore, before you start exercising, learn all the necessary exercises yourself in front of the mirror. Exercises are learned gradually, adding new ones. Articulatory gymnastics should be performed daily, using any routine moments (washing, brushing teeth, getting dressed, walking, playing). It is important to achieve clear and correct execution. A small child switches quite quickly from one type of activity to another, so it is better to do 2-3 exercises, but more often during the day. The main thing is to maintain interest and not overtire the baby. Gymnastics can be performed to music, or accompanied by poetic texts. Once the exercises are completed with ease, you can proceed to the second step.

2. Invoking the sound Sh.

We draw your attention to maintaining the “secret” of sound. Don't say what sound you are going to make. We will not learn to say the sound Ш, we will learn to hiss like a snake.

I offer you several ways to evoke the sound Sh.

1. Hissing is the privilege of a snake. Therefore, it is worth depicting it using a hand. She will be a snake: the hand is the head, everything else is a flexible body. Here is a “snake” crawling across the table. Then he raises his head, makes a stand (resting on his elbow, pulls his head forward, and, opening his mouth, hisses: “Sh-sh-sh-.... At the same time, it is worth drawing the child’s attention to the fact that the tongue - the “cup” is raised up, and the lips stretch forward like a tube. If the baby finds it difficult to stretch his lips, help him - press his thumb and middle finger on his cheeks in the area of ​​​​the molars, the tongue from the inside will press more tightly against the molars, and the lips will protrude forward as a “mouthpiece.” We teach the snake to talk - use cards with symbols or letters of vowel sounds (ШШШ - ША, ШШШ - ШЭ, ШШШ - ШО, ШШШ -ШУ).

2. We ask the child to make a “cup” out of his tongue. We lean the “edge of the cup”—the wide tip of the tongue—against the points of the upper teeth. There is very hot tea in the cup; you need to blow on the edge of the cup to cool the tea. The exhalation should be felt on the palm of your hand placed to your mouth. A vague whistling sound will be heard. Now you need to carefully put the cup into your mouth so as not to spill the tea. The “edge of the cup” slides from the tips of the upper teeth along the inside of the incisors, then along the palate to the alveoli. All this time we do not stop blowing “on the edge of the cup.” The whistling sound will turn into a hissing sound. When you hear the sound Ш, tell your child that this is the sound of a snake hissing. In the future, let the child immediately put the “edge of the cup” to the alveoli and “hiss.” “The hissing falls” on the palm, it is “hot.” We round and stretch out the lips - a full-fledged Sh will come out. We teach the snake to speak in syllables.

3. If the child has the correct sound C, ask him to “whistle like a mosquito.” The lips are in a smile, the upper and lower incisors are visible. Without interrupting the whistle, the child's tongue moves from the inner surface of the lower incisors to the inner surface of the upper incisors, and further to the alveoli. The mosquito must crawl, constantly feeling the way with its proboscis, so as not to lose its way, because it is dark in the mouth. The mosquito must turn into another creature, we suggest working together to find out who it will turn into. At first you will hear a fuzzy hissing sound. When the tongue reaches the alveoli, an almost full-fledged sound will be produced. The mosquito has turned into a snake and hisses. All that remains is to round and stretch your lips forward (either on your own or with the help of your fingers). We teach the snake to talk.

4. The child places the wide tip of the tongue on the outer surface of the alveoli and pulls out the sound T for a long time. It is followed by a hissing sound. Let the child aim this sound at his palm. While the child draws out the T sound and the hissing sound that follows, I keep my mouth slightly open. Please place the upper incisors on the lower ones. An almost full-fledged Sh will appear. The hissing should fall on the palm of your hand as a wide hot stream. Then you need to immediately hiss like a snake without the reference sound T. The lips are in a wide smile, opening the upper and lower incisors. While the baby is “hissing,” press your thumb and middle finger on his cheeks, thereby pushing his lips forward like a “mouthpiece.” The sound Ш will become completely accurate. In the future, the child will learn to pronounce the sound himself without aids. We teach the “snake” to talk.

5. If your child pronounces the sound R correctly, i.e., the wide tongue is behind the upper teeth and only the tip of the tongue vibrates, you can use R to produce the sound Sh. The lips are in a wide smile, the upper and lower incisors are visible, the child draws the sound R. We ask you to pronounce the same sound, but in a whisper, so that the tongue stops vibrating. The sound Sh will be heard. We tell the child that this is how a snake “hisses”. Round your lips. We fix the sound in syllables.

Having learned to pronounce the isolated sound Ш, we remember and look for what and who else can hiss. A punctured tire hisses, an angry cat and a goose, tree leaves rustle in the wind, fallen autumn leaves underfoot, a mouse scratches under the floor.

3. Automation of sound in syllables and words.

When automating sounds in words, you should exclude those words that contain sounds that your baby cannot pronounce. That is, if a child does not say the sound R, we do not offer him the word BALL.

= straight syllables (SHA, SHO, SHU, SHE, SHI, SHU)

= in intervocalic position (ASHA, OSHO, USHU, ESHE, ISHI, USHU)

= reverse syllables (АШ, ОШ, УШ, ЭШ, ИШ, УШ)

4. Automation of sound in sentences, poetry and coherent speech.

This work is carried out gradually, according to the principle: from simple to complex.

5. Differentiation of sounds.

This stage of work is necessary if your baby initially replaced the sound Ш with some other one (usually the sound S - “sapka”, “masina”).

Speech therapy notebooks will help you to automate and differentiate sounds

List of recommended literature:

1. Polyakova M. A. Self-instruction manual on speech therapy. Universal guide. M.: T. Dmitrieva, 2015. - 160 p.

2. Zhikhareva-Norkina Yu. B. Home notebook for speech therapy classes with children: a manual for speech therapists and parents. Issue 7. Sounds Sh, Zh. M.: Humanitarian Publishing Center VLADOS, 2005. - 136 p.

3. Komarova L. A. Automation of sound Ш in game exercises. Preschooler's album. M.: Gnome, 2015.- 32 p.

4. Azova E. A., Chernova O. O. Home speech therapy notebook. Learning sounds Sh, Zh. M.: Sphere shopping center, 2010.- 32 p.

5. Konovalenko V.V., Konovalenko S.V. Homework book No. 3 for strengthening the pronunciation of hissing sounds. M.: Gnome, 2007.- 36 p.