How to teach a child to say the letter P at home: video, exercises

At the age of 5-6 years, the child’s pronunciation practically reaches its language norm. At the same time, in some children, age-related speech imperfections turn into a permanent defect due to a number of individual or even pathological features in development.

A problem with the sound R in a child with a full-fledged speech apparatus and hearing is a common disorder, and is called rhotacism in speech therapy. This is one of the types of dyslalia, which, in turn, is further divided into functional and mechanical, with a difference in the root cause of difficulties with sound.

Why do children growl badly?

The difficulty of reproducing sounds, including “r”, lies in their constant sonority.
In speech, it can be difficult for a child to cope with the connection of sonorants with each other, with vowels, with voiceless sounds, with hissing sounds. This is an articulatory problem (cannot pronounce sound combinations) and is most often overcome by training the tongue, cheeks, lips and palate. When a single “r” cannot be pronounced correctly, that is, growled, you need to understand the reasons.

They can be hidden both in the anatomy of the speech apparatus and in the general rates of psycho-speech development.

1. Anatomical features

• decreased tongue mobility;
• poor development of the muscles of the lips and cheeks;
• malocclusion;
• special structure of the frenulum (hyoid ligament).

Anatomical problems are solved by massage, articulation exercises, frenulum stretching or surgery. It is necessary to discuss the appropriateness of the latter with a speech therapist.

Children usually like articulation gymnastics. Because during such an activity, parents are forced to lift the ban on grimaces, sticking out their tongues and scary faces. Useful pranks with facial muscles help strengthen the articulatory apparatus, make it more mobile, and this will improve the clarity of speech in general.

2. Features of sound perception

If in a preschooler’s speech letters are constantly getting confused, rearranged, or falling out of words, phonemic hearing disorders can be suspected. On the other hand, the cause of pronunciation problems may be a banal imitation of one of the family members or older comrades.

3. ENT diseases

Sometimes the cause is improper breathing (weak breathing is more common in girls) or ENT diseases: allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis, adenoids, polyps, paresis. In each case, a unique individual treatment and a set of speech therapy exercises must be selected to restore the function of the speech apparatus.

4. Dysarthria

Neurological disorders should be highlighted as a separate item. Not only the purity of diction, but also the very ability to pronounce sounds depends on the innervation of muscles and ligaments.

How does a speech therapy session on sound production work [p]

Any adult will answer how to teach a child to pronounce the letter P - take him to a specialist. With the help of exercises, a speech therapist will be able to deliver correct speech.

Classes are held with the aim of preparing the oral cavity for correct tongue movements. The main tasks are considered:

• Show how sound should be formed correctly.
• Train articulatory motor skills.
• Learn to control air flow.
• Learn to go towards your goal.

For the lesson you will need a mirror to understand how gymnastics works, a ball, a machine, a frog with a tongue.

Sound making exercises for children:

• Animal repetition ball game.
• Broad smile.
• Moving the tongue up and down outside the mouth.
• Sticking your tongue out and in.
• Stick out your tongue and place it on your lower lip.
• Licking your lips.
• Blow without puffing out your cheeks.
• growl
• Rumble like a car.

After work, the child finds out what he needs to learn for the next lesson.

Thanks to gymnastics, the muscles of the mouth begin to function correctly

Sound making exercises for children

There are many techniques for improving sound pronunciation. If the baby is able to quickly master one exercise, then you need to move on to another. If the tasks turned out to be difficult, then they need to be spoken 7 times a day. You can recite tasks in different sequences so that your child doesn’t get bored.

The emotional state of the child at this time is very vulnerable. He needs to be supported for every success and not scolded for failures. There is no point in comparing your child with other peers. This can have a detrimental effect on the psyche and further development of the baby.

Exercises for producing sound in children:

• Touch the alveoli with your tongue and back.
• The tongue is on the alveoli, and you need to blow hard.
• Clatter like a horse.
• Stop the horse.
• Place your tongue on your lower lip as if on a plate. This exercise is best done in front of a mirror.
• Tap your tongue on the alveoli.
• Chatter like a magpie (trrrrrrrrrrr).
• Imitate a car engine.
• Place the tongue on the alveoli and speak sounds (dddd, dddddd, rrrrr).

Breathing training

The training should not tire the child. During gymnastics, exercises should help with the following:

• Arouse interest in classes.
• Develop speech prosody.
• Accelerate correct pronunciation.

Exercises:

• Blow on cotton wool, inflate a balloon or blow out a candle.
• Pronounce vowel compounds: “a-ua-uua-aaee-eeoo-ooiii.”
• Pronounce voiceless consonants.
• Pronounce voiced consonants.
• Inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth for a minute while holding your breath.
• Exhale forcefully.
• Exhale while pronouncing the letter s.

Articulation gymnastics

Training articulatory muscles promotes constant speech in a person. Speech skills begin to develop from birth. Such gymnastics will help strengthen muscles and eliminate pronunciation difficulties at any year of life.

Training should take place in a playful way. Classes are held with interest, with colorful didactic material. Seeing himself in the mirror, the child is more willing to do the exercises. If the task cannot be completed, then the parent should use clean hands to help their child direct his tongue.

Note! To get started, 2 exercises are enough. With each lesson you can add one more

Exercises for muscles:

• Open your mouth wide and sit there for 10 seconds.
• Make lips like a duck’s and freeze.
• Turn your tongue in different directions.
• Puff out your cheeks and deflate.
• Pull your cheeks in and return to the opposite position.

If the tongue cannot perform actions, then you can help it with clean hands or foreign objects. The main thing is hygiene and monitoring the conduct of classes.

An exercise in which you need to reach your nose with your tongue

Staging technique

Correct sound production includes taking into account muscle tone, mobility, and articular readiness. Activities for sound production must be carried out comprehensively. By doing gymnastics, massage, speech exercises and motor skills development.

Speech gymnastics

Exercises during gymnastics affect the following:

Breath. Hearing. Attention. Voice timbre. Muscles of the oral cavity.

Note! They develop the connection between speech and movements, pronunciation. Exercises:

Exercises:

• Repeat speech commands with your voice and translate them into movement.
• Repeat tongue twisters after the speech therapist.
• Depict the wind.
• Speak with increasing volume.
• Pronounce syllables.

Age norms

The age from 2.5 to 4.5 years in children is the period of speech formation, characterized by imperfect sound pronunciation. This is caused by insufficient development of movements of the tongue, lips, and lower jaw. At this age, children either do not pronounce the sound [r] at all (ruka - uka), or replace it with a softened [l] (ruka - lyuka).

Note! By the age of 5, a child should already have mastered good sound pronunciation. However, if he burrs, pronounces a guttural or distorted [r], you need to help him correct the incorrect pronunciation.

How to teach a 3-year-old child to say the letter “R” at home

A 3-year-old child cannot yet clearly pronounce the letter “R”, no matter how hard his parents try to help him with this. But at this age you can begin to develop phonemic awareness.

Note! The child is taught to distinguish between non-speech sounds (drums, clapping), the strength and timbre of the voice (quiet - loud). It is also useful to carry out logorhythmics, where the baby performs different movements in combination with a speech text.

Can a 3 year old child say the letter “R”

By the age of 2-3 years, the child usually already speaks in sentences. And the parents suddenly notice that the baby does not pronounce the letter “R”. There is no need to sound the alarm about this, since due to the undeveloped speech apparatus, the baby cannot yet control his tongue.

Is it easy to teach a 5 year old child to say the letter “R”

Not all children can master the correct pronunciation of the sound [r] by the age of 5. A common cause is insufficient mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus: lips, tongue, lower jaw.

To train the muscles of the tongue and lips, it is recommended to perform articulatory gymnastics. If you regularly practice with a 5-year-old child for 5-10 minutes a day, preferably in the morning and evening, this will help strengthen the muscles of the speech organs and improve the quality of the spoken sound [p].

How to teach a 6 and 7 year old child to say the letter “R”

If a 6-7 year old child has difficulty pronouncing the letter “R”, he needs a speech therapist. He will recommend a set of exercises during which the baby will learn to control speech breathing, put the tongue and lips in the right position to pronounce a given sound.

Didactic games on sound culture of speech in the senior group

Important! It is better to entrust sound production and its automation to a specialist, since only he can help the child strengthen the tongue muscles with the help of speech therapy massage.

What prevents a child from pronouncing “r”

Hyoid frenulum (small membrane located under the tongue). By the age of six, the child’s tongue frenulum should stretch to 8 mm or more. If it is short, thick, and inactive, difficulties may arise with the sound “r”. In this case, you need to either try to stretch it with the help of special exercises, or trim it at the clinic.

Impaired sound pronunciation. A problem with earlier sounds (for example, a child confuses whistling and hissing sounds) may later result in a problem with the sound “r”. Most likely, the pronunciation of this sound will also be impaired.

If a child pronounces the sound “l” instead of the sound “r”, the situation is normal and can be easily corrected. These two sounds are similar in terms of the position of the tongue, but pronouncing “l” is easier, and the child, hearing “r” in someone else’s speech and trying to repeat it, chooses the simplest method. If a child replaces the sound “r” with other sounds, the situation is more complicated, but in this case we can say that he hears it.

If a child misses a sound or swallows, it can be assumed that phonemic perception of sound is impaired.

Phonemic hearing impairment. The hearing aid cannot perceive all speech, but only individual sounds. In this case, we are talking about a violation of phonemic hearing, which manifests itself in the form of problems with distinguishing sounds.

The peak development of phonemic hearing occurs at the age of 4-5 years. But even before this age, you can notice that the child hears differently. When pronouncing words, he makes substitutions of sounds or skips individual sounds.

Signs of phonemic hearing impairment are a serious reason to take your child to a speech therapist. The cause of impaired phonemic hearing may be damage to the central nervous system, or it may be ordinary adenoids or previous otitis media.

Tone of the articulatory apparatus (tongue, cheeks, lips). Skipping sounds may also indicate insufficient development of speech muscles. A child’s speech muscles may be either insufficiently mobile (hypotonicity) or too tense (hypertonicity). In both cases, sound pronunciation suffers.

Behavioral problems. As we have already said, mastering the sound “r” requires the greatest effort from the child. Making the “r” sound is especially difficult for children with behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). No less problems with learning pronunciation arise in tonically relaxed children.

Throat "r". If a child has developed according to norms, hears all sounds and the process of mastering speech has not caused him any problems, he does not have the habit of working on acquiring speech skills. In this case, when trying to reproduce the sound “r”, he can take the path of least resistance and replace the difficult to pronounce “r” with a simpler option, namely the laryngeal “r” (in this case, the vibration occurs due to the laryngeal uvula).

Correcting the “r” in the throat is very difficult, since in this case relearning is required. In this case, you definitely need to contact a speech therapist. The situation is further complicated by the fact that many parents simply cannot distinguish the “r” in the throat from the “r” in the tongue.

In all these cases, the most important thing is to correctly determine for what reason the child cannot independently cope with the sound “r”. And the best solution is to contact a speech therapist

A qualified speech therapist will check the frenulum and tone, phonemic hearing, determine the throat “r” (if it is present) and, if necessary, draw up a correction route. If correctional assistance is not needed, you can try to develop the “r” sound yourself.

When correction is needed

The sound “R” is one of the most difficult sounds in a child’s speech development. It belongs to the category of sonorants, in which there are more vocal tones than noise.

Experts put “P” last, when all other sounds have already been correctly formed and consolidated. The production of “R” begins after 5.5-6 years. Until this time, a violation in his pronunciation is the age norm.

In some cases, it is worth contacting a speech therapist from the age of 4, when “R” appears in speech, but does not manifest itself correctly. In this variant, the child does not replace “R” with other sounds (“L”, “V”), but tries to pronounce “R”, but with disturbances in the articulatory apparatus.

How to teach a child to pronounce the letter “R” - video

More effective exercises can be seen in the specially designed course of speech therapy classes “Growl Now”.

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General tips for organizing home activities

For classes to be effective, the following recommendations must be followed:

1. Exercise regularly (daily if possible). Infrequent training will not produce any effect.
2. The sequence of tasks is important: from simple to more complex (first, to reinforce pronunciation, give the child individual words, and then complex tongue twisters and rhymes).
3. To practice sound, you should use a variety of materials, constantly coming up with something new to interest the child.
4. During the lesson, the positive attitude of the child himself is very important: if at the moment he is in a bad mood or not feeling very well, it is better to postpone the training, for example, until the evening.
5. Do not show your child that incorrect pronunciation of R is a serious problem. Let him perceive the speech therapy session as a game.

For the success of the lesson, the child’s positive attitude is very important, and the training should be presented as an exciting game.

Stages of formation of correct sound pronunciation

The formation of correct pronunciation occurs in stages, from simple to complex. Conventionally, correctional work can be divided into three stages:

• Sound production (correct position of articulation organs, pronunciation in an isolated state).
• Automation (correct reproduction of syllables, words, sentences).
• Differentiation (difference between similar sounds by ear, in this case hissing Zh-Sh).

Specialists use various methods and techniques. During work at the first stage, the speech therapist uses massage and staging probes in his work. The former help to relax or tone weak muscles, the latter fix the organs of the articulatory apparatus in the correct position. The speech therapist begins each lesson with articulation gymnastics.

In the initial stages, a mirror is used. This allows the child to correctly correlate his actions with an adult and see whether he correctly repeats after the speech therapist. If it is difficult for a child to hold his tongue in one position or another, at first the teacher helps him with the help of probes. However, there are children who perceive these devices fearfully, as they associate them with medical devices. In this case, you can use disposable cotton swabs; they are safe and easy to use.

Exercises for the tongue when making the sound Z may include the following exercises:

• “Pancake”: the exercise is recommended especially for those children who have increased muscle tone in the articulatory apparatus. Correct execution involves keeping the tongue in a relaxed state: the mouth is open, the tongue is wide, resting on the lower lip, while the upper teeth are visible. You need to stay in this position for 5-10 seconds.
• “Pipe”: this articulation exercise is necessary to develop the correct position of the lips when pronouncing the sound Zh, it tones the weak muscles around the mouth.
• “Delicious jam”: the tip of the tongue should be wide, the child needs to lick first the lower lip, then the upper. It is advisable to have dry wipes on hand to wipe your mouth.
• “Cup”: the sides of the tongue rest against the molars. If it is difficult to hold the tongue in this position, at first you can ask him to “wrap the filling in a pancake” (the speech therapist presses the middle part of the tongue with a cotton swab or probe, which helps the baby lift its sides).

With buccal pronunciation, in order to develop proper breathing, strength and direction of the air stream, the child is offered tasks from a set of breathing exercises. For example, you can blow a cotton ball off your palm.

The sound Zh can be “put” from the sounds Sh, Z or R, provided that at least one of them is pronounced by the child correctly. In the group of hissing sounds, the main one is Ш, most often it is from him that the pairing of the Zh begins. These sounds have the same articulatory position, therefore, if both of them are violated, the Sh is placed first, then with the addition of a voice – Zh.

1. Articulatory setting from the sound R.

The speech therapist asks to pronounce the syllable “ra”. When the child speaks, using a staging probe, the teacher stops the vibrational movements characteristic of the sound R. Instead, “zh” will be heard. Then he repeats it several more times, after which the child tries to pronounce the syllable “zha” independently.

2. Setting Z from the sound Z.

The child pronounces the syllable “for” in an extended manner. At this moment, the specialist carefully changes the position of the tongue, using a probe to lift its tip to the palate by the front upper teeth.

3. Formation of the correct position of W from W.

In this case, probes and other placement devices will not be needed. The main thing is to help the child understand that it is necessary to use his voice. To do this, the speech therapist asks you to place your palms on your throat so that vibration is felt when the vocal cords are tense. Then he offers to try to pronounce the sound Sh as loudly as possible. When the ligaments work, the result will be Zh.

Finger gymnastics are widely used. Also, a speech therapist can suggest that the child wind a thread onto a ball and pronounce a syllable, a word with a sound that needs to be automated, for each skein. In group work to consolidate correct pronunciation in backward and forward syllables, you can use a ball.

Differentiation of sounds occurs when learning (reading) tongue twisters, tongue twisters, proverbs and sayings containing consonant words, for example, “fire - bazaar, sting - hall.” At the initial stage, pictures are used to accompany words.

Sound production methods

Sound production always occurs in a fairly strict sequence, without which the effectiveness may be questionable, and you will have to wait a long time for the final result. In this regard, the phasing of professional speech therapy work consists of:

1. development and training of phonemic perception of sound;
2. breathing exercises;
3. articulatory gymnastics;
4. direct sound production;
5. automation and differentiation of sound during pronunciation.

If the child clearly perceives P by ear, the very first stage can be easily excluded.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound “R”

To achieve correct articulation of P from the baby, two types of preparatory exercises are needed. The first type helps to develop the necessary mobility of the tongue, realize its correct position and obtain a fricative R - the articulation is the same as with a full R, but so far without vibration. And the second type of exercise is completely aimed at developing a characteristic vibration.

The first type includes the following exercises:

“Brushing the teeth” - with the tip of the tongue, the child carefully brushes first the upper teeth inside and out, and then the lower ones.

“White the ceiling” - with the tip of the tongue the child makes movements across the palate back and forth.

“Swing” - the mouth is slightly open, the baby rhythmically tries to reach as far as possible with the tip of the tongue, first to the nose, and then to the chin.

“Funny clock” - the sharp tongue makes quick movements from the left corner of the mouth to the right and vice versa.

“Mushroom” - the mouth is wide open, the lips are in a smile, the tip of the tongue is firmly sucked into the palate and held for several seconds. The exercise requires 5-10 repetitions.

“Accordion” - the position of the tongue is the same as in the “Mushroom” exercise, with the difference that the child, without lifting the tongue from the palate, opens and closes his mouth as wide as possible.

Staging from the sound Z – the exercise is effective if the baby’s Z is distinct and clean. The child pronounces a long “F” with effort, while simultaneously moving his tongue back, deep into the mouth. If everything goes correctly, you will soon hear a short R.

“Horse” - the child sounds the clicking sound of a horse with a completely relaxed tongue.

Exercises to develop vibration:

“Drummer” - the mouth is slightly open, the tip of the tongue rests firmly on the inside of the upper teeth. The child loudly and clearly repeats d-d-d-d-d as he exhales, without closing his mouth. It is necessary to ensure that the lower jaw remains completely motionless.

Using a similar principle, without changing the initial position of the lips and tongue, we alternately add vowels to the sound d: d-d-dda, d-d-dda, d-d-ddo, d-d-ddu.

Installation by mechanical method

To produce sound in this way, you will need a Sharik speech therapy probe. Some people successfully replace it with small spoons, a therapeutic spatula, all kinds of rounded sticks, and even use a finger: their own or a child’s finger. Of course, in this case, hands must be thoroughly washed.

The child's tongue is pressed tightly against the inside of the upper teeth, and the baby pronounces z-z-z-z-z for a long time, while simultaneously moving the tongue back to the hard palate. At this time, a probe or its substitute is placed in the center of the tongue, and the speech therapist makes rapid movements with the probe from side to side, thus causing vibration.

By analogy, you can use D as other reference sounds: while exhaling, with the mouth slightly open, the child repeatedly repeats d-d-d-d-d-d, while the speech therapist uses a probe or finger to make very fast oscillatory movements of the tongue in different directions.

Over time, mechanical assistance loses its relevance and is only partially used: the child begins vibrating the tongue with the help of a finger, but finishes successfully on his own.

Starting with the letter R

The letter P is considered the most difficult to pronounce. Many preschoolers can growl like animals, but not everyone makes the sound P sound clearly. There is a whole list of exercises for practicing at home and better assimilation of sound:

• exercise “motor” - you need to ask the child to growl like a little motor for a few seconds;
• hide and seek or where the sound R is hidden - pronounce the words and clap at the moment when the child hears the sound R, after which the word is pronounced together;
• “Growl” game - show a picture of predatory animals so that the child utters a corresponding growl;
• game “ringing tracks” - together with the children, come up with chants with the sound R and syllables (for example, ra-ra-ra-ra - we were driven out of the yard; ro-ro-ro-ro - we quickly found a bucket; ru-ru- ru-ru - I am a cheerful kangaroo, etc.);
• substitute the correct syllable - you need to pronounce the word, excluding syllables with the sound P, and children need to pronounce the appropriate syllable.

A speech therapy course for mastering the syllable P includes mandatory reading, frequent pronouncing of words and tongue twisters with complex sounds, and learning poems by heart.

Game exercises are the best assistant for parents

If you have decided to teach your child to say the letter “R”, then it is important to do it in such a way that everything happens in a playful way for him. Do not use a rude tone under any circumstances, even if the child does not succeed. And never think that your idea is a failure, since kids feel uncertainty very well.

Mom and daughter practice pronouncing letters correctly while reading an interesting book

Make fewer demands on a small child who has just begun to speak. It is quite possible that he will not need your help in mastering this complex letter. If you are still afraid of missing the moment, then play words with your child.

Prepare cards with animals, fruits and plants that contain the sound “R”, and focus on it during the game. The baby will find this game interesting, so over time he will want to play it himself.

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Exercises to consolidate the skill

A skill is a result of learning, a stable automatic performance of an action. To automate a skill means, through repeated repetition and training, to bring it to a state where it is performed “without thinking.” To do this, it is not at all necessary to train the child with the same exercises. Oral folk art has a wealth of didactic material.

Warm-up

To warm up, remember all the syllables: [ra], [rya], [ro], [re], [ru], [ryu], [ry], [ri], [re], [re]. Repeat points 2, 3, 4 for all of them and start entertaining games with words in sayings, proverbs, tongue twisters and tongue twisters!

Little secret. Stock up on balloons! Children love them very much. Inflating balloons promotes lung development, acts as a breathing exercise, improves voice, and strengthens the muscles of the cheeks and lips.

Use growling words

Proverbs and sayings are an excellent reason to discuss moral issues with your child and work on educational topics, and the repetition of growling and hissing will happen by itself. For example, suggest discussing the following popular sayings:

• You can’t even pull a [fish] out of the pond without t[ru]d.
• Where it’s thin, that’s where it [tears].
• [Re]ka begins with [ru]cheka.

Games with the letter R

To consolidate the effect of the exercises, it is important to return to practicing skills throughout the day.

1. "Magic bag" Children take out objects or pictures with images of objects from the bag. You must pronounce the name of the object, clearly pronouncing the letter R.
2. Games with cereals. They stimulate fine motor skills well, and therefore speech. You can depict objects whose names contain the letter R. For example, the crown from the grRRRRRiver.
3. Repeat the syllable in reverse. Ar-ra, ur-ru, etc.
4. Finish the sentence. You will need pictures with hints. For example, ro-ro-ro - feather.
5. Short songs or poems. For example:

Lamb, lamb, show me your horns. I'll give you sugar, a piece of pie!

Pure talk

Unlike tongue twisters, the pure twister technique does not imply speed: you need to pronounce it in such a way as not to make mistakes in sounds, clearly pronounce each syllable and sound. Explain the task to your child and come up with a reward for clear speech. Here are a couple of examples to get you started:

• The baby pig is chewing a carrot. B[ra]shek b[ra]nku g[ry]zes [ra]nka.
• In the d[or] on the [sidewalk] t[ri] friends were [draw]ing. She froze at [the] war: “K[ar]! [Ra]z[ris]ovan [tro]tu[ar]!”

Tongue Twisters

These are special sentences or several in which the emphasis is placed on a difficult sound. It is best to recite tongue twisters in front of a mirror. This way the baby will see how to position the tongue correctly or stretch the lips so that the sound is clear. Examples of tongue twisters starting with “r”:

1. Roma and mom washed the frame and looked at the panorama.
2. Karl stole corals from Clara, and Clara stole a clarinet from Karl.
3. Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass. Don't cut wood on the grass in your yard.
4. Roma was frightened by the thunder; he roared louder than thunder. From such a roar, thunder hid behind a hillock.

At first, you can pronounce the tongue twisters slowly. Then you should speed up the tempo so that the sound is pronounced automatically.

Sound production and automation

With the help of exercises, the correct articulation of the sound “sh” is developed. But skill is a mechanical process that requires practice. It will take time to consolidate. It happens that during a lesson, pronunciation improves, but by the next session it again turns into a lisp or whistling. To prevent the opposite effect from appearing, constant supervision of the skill plays an important role:

Gently and jokingly remind the student that he needs to watch his tongue. Control your own pronunciation. Pay attention to the phonemic errors of others and ask your child to pronounce sounds correctly every time. If he is already a schoolchild, let him read aloud with the correct pronunciation. Try to use a new skill more often

Try to use a new skill more often.

For example, ask questions, the answer to which will be words or sentences with the sound “sh”, learn corrective nursery rhymes instead of regular poems. Pure twisters and tongue twisters in daily household chores starting with “sh” will help you quickly automate the sound:

• We'll knit a hat for the baby, shu-shu-shu, shu-shu-shu.
• We dress the baby, sha-sha-sha, sha-sha-sha.
• Collect your pencils, shi-shi-shi-shi-shi-shi.
• Children love fairy tales, sha-shu-shi, sha-shu-shi.

You can come up with any simple rhymes and combinations, or your own rhyme. Give one of your favorite toys a special name that will help your child master the sound: “Little Bunny”, “Wolf-Tail”.

Use this name daily in familiar situations to continually refer to the skill.

It is important that the parent himself does not feel awkward when using speech therapy techniques. Try to hiss yourself as sincerely as possible.

When activities become familiar, add similar sounds to them: “zh”, “ch”, “sch”. Teach your child to distinguish them articularly. This will help you at the same time put in all the difficult sounds and master the Russian alphabet. Pictures and instructions can now be purchased at any bookstore.

How to teach a child to pronounce the letter [Zh]

Let's consider the main ways of forming the sound Ж in children, depending on the disorder:

1. Setting sound when skipped. Sound may be lost in speech. Parents do not hear sound where it should be. In this case, you can teach a child to pronounce F by imitation. Ask him to sing the “Bug song” and pronounce the sound Zh after you for a long time. If the child has intact phonemic hearing, it will not be difficult to pronounce the letter Zh.
2. Sound production during replacement and mixing (parasigmatism). In this case, the sound is replaced with simpler ones in articulation: , . This defect is easily perceived by ear. Sound production should begin with articulatory gymnastics.

Invite your baby to do tongue exercises for 5-10 minutes every day. The complex for hissing sounds consists of three main exercises and will allow you to form the correct articulatory pattern:

- “Cup”. Ask your child to place the tongue behind his upper teeth and hold for five seconds. A break is taken between exercises so that the tone of the tongue muscles is restored.

- “Tube.” Show your child how to stretch out his lips with a straw. Elongated lips should be held for five seconds.

- “Painter.” A complex exercise that is carried out after successfully mastering the “cup”. The tip of the tongue strokes the hard palate, like a painter paints the ceiling with a roller.

All exercises are carried out in front of a mirror, the child must see himself

During gymnastics, you need to praise your child for the slightest result and try not to pay attention to failures. Parents should not hope for a quick positive result, because producing sounds is a long, painstaking work

It is important to remember that when pronouncing a sound, a strong air stream is necessary. Here, parents will be helped by a variety of toys: harmonicas, paper pinwheels and everything else that you can blow on

The child should be helped to learn to exhale forcefully through the mouth. As you exhale, ask the child to make the sound. Sound distortion (sigmatism) is a complex disorder. In this case, there is a distorted pronunciation of the sound: interdental, lateral, nasal. The correct sound pattern is not formed. The tongue occupies a position either between the teeth, behind the lower teeth, or near the soft palate.

To correct the defect, you must contact a specialist and attend special classes. In this case, it is recommended to carry out the complex of articulatory gymnastics presented earlier, as well as to develop the child’s phonemic hearing.

There are a number of games to develop phonemic awareness. It is necessary to start classes with simple games to distinguish non-speech sounds. Here various sounding toys will come to the rescue: boubouin, drum, bell, squeaker. Invite your baby to listen to how each toy sounds, and then choose one and, hiding it behind his back, make a sound to it.

The child must guess which toy was playing now. Jars of cereal can serve as toys, since small and large grains rustle differently in the jar. Next, you can move on to forming the perception of speech sounds. The child should be taught to distinguish sounds from similar-sounding phonemes.

The game “Catch the Sound” will help parents with this. Invite the child to clap his hands when he hears the sound among other sounds: Ш, Ж, Х, Х, ШЧ, Ж, Ф. Next, the game can be complicated and asked to find a syllable with the letter Ж: SHI, ZHA, HO, SHU, ZHE, SHA, CHI, ZHU. And also an option with words and sentences.

1. After successful training, you should consolidate the result and move on to the automation stage. It is necessary to control the child’s speech and encourage correct pronunciation not only in speech therapist classes, but also at home. In the first stages, exaggerated pronunciation of the sound is possible, but this is not a problem. The articulatory apparatus gets used to the new way of life, which takes time.

Tips for parents when setting up sound:

It is necessary to monitor the baby’s speech development

Early detection of violations facilitates quick and correct correction. For complex forms of the disorder, you should seek the help of a speech therapist. It is necessary to follow the recommendations of the speech therapist, this will contribute to the success of the correction. It is important to talk with the child and stimulate the baby’s speech activity. Praise your child for the slightest progress in development.

It is important to know that love, attention and care for a child are the key to success in the development of the baby!



Exercises to develop the pronunciation of the sound R

Today, there are a number of exercises for producing the sound P, which are performed in front of a mirror. The most popular and effective are:

1. With the mouth wide open, the sound D is pronounced. In order to develop mobility of the tip of the tongue, you need to hit the tongue strongly in the area of ​​​​the tubercles hidden behind the upper teeth.

2. With a wide smile, lightly bite the tip of the tongue to activate its muscles.

3. Curving the tongue with the mouth wide open so that its tip touches the palate, and the middle part touches the tubercles located behind the front teeth.

4. Using a wide tongue, “drum” in the area behind the upper teeth, while pronouncing the sound D. In this case, using a clean index finger, it is necessary to loosen the tongue in the oral cavity. This will provide a special rumbling sound. After some time, you can begin to perform the exercise without using your hands.

In order for any speech therapy exercises to have the desired effect, they are performed slowly, but daily. At the same time, it is important to reward the child for the slightest successes and shifts in a positive direction. In any case, adults will need patience and attention. As soon as the desired sound appears, you can proceed to the pronunciation of various words with its participation.

Exercises

1. "Motor". The purpose of this exercise is to reproduce the sound of a motor, which resembles the sound of p. The child is asked to press his tongue to the upper palate and place his finger under it. You can also use a cotton swab. The baby is asked to exhale forcefully, while pronouncing a drawn-out “d”. At the same time, it is necessary to make an oscillatory movement with a cotton swab or the child’s finger from side to side. If everything is done correctly, you will hear vibration and a sound similar to r. This will indicate that the engine has been started.
2. "Painter". The name of the exercises stems from the fact that the child must move his tongue along the inside of the mouth, as if painting the walls of the teeth, cheeks, and palate. This exercise needs to be done back and forth.
3. "Mushroom". The tongue, holding the central position, should touch the sky and hold for 10 seconds. This exercise received this name due to the fact that the frenulum, which will currently be stretched under the tongue, is similar to a mushroom stalk.
4. Invite your child to roar and let him imitate a tiger. This exercise can be done together with your baby - he will be a little tiger cub, and you will be an adult animal.

For stretching the frenulum

It is important to complete each task without haste while opening your mouth wide. Parents should understand that gymnastics for speech development puts a serious strain on the baby’s tongue, which is why it is so important to take a break from time to time

"Football". The baby should take turns touching the left and right cheeks, simulating rolling a ball in the mouth. "Swing". Ask the child to open his mouth as wide as possible, and now let him move his tongue down and up, touching his teeth. After several repetitions, you need to stop the tongue from above in the oral cavity and hold it for 15 seconds. “Reach up to the chin.” The child's task is to try to extend his tongue so that it is directed towards the chin, try to reach it. "Kitty". To perform this exercise, parents must pour some kind of treat into the container. The child's task is to lick it, copying the actions of the kitten. “We reach for the nose.” Let the little one open his mouth and smile; his task is to try to reach his nose with the wide tip of his tongue, and then lower it, touching his upper lip

It is important that the jaw remains motionless and the tongue does not narrow.

If there is insufficient air flow force

1. Rolling balls. Let the baby puff out his cheeks and try to roll the accumulated air from one side to the other, from cheek to cheek.
2. Inflate the ball. Let your baby try to inflate both cheeks, holding the air as long as possible.
3. Groove. The child’s task is to place the straightened tongue on the lower lip, and then slightly curl the edges, which will allow the formation of a groove. Now let it blow through it.
4. The following exercises are also effective:

• you can tie a piece of cotton wool to a thread, let the baby blow on it, while the mother holds the cotton wool;
• place a pencil on the table in front of the child, let the child try to move it with the force of his breathing;
• blowing soap bubbles;
• You can blow on a dandelion.

When weak tongue muscles

1. To strengthen the muscular system of the tongue, exercises that allow it to move up and down are suitable.
2. "Turkey". The child is asked to open his mouth slightly. Now it is necessary for the baby to gently run his tongue back and forth across his upper lip. At the same time, he should try to say “bl” five times in a row, increasing the tempo all the time.
3. "Horse". The baby should imitate the clicking sound of a horse by flicking its tongue against the roof of the mouth.

Breathing exercises

The sound R is quite difficult for children to pronounce, so correctly performed speech breathing will significantly speed up and facilitate the main work of producing and automating the sound. It is with breathing exercises that every speech therapy session should begin. The following exercises are great for this purpose.

"Playing football". Two cubes are placed on the table - these are gates. Use a small cotton ball as a ball. The child’s task is to stretch out his lips with a tube and, with a long exhalation, blow on the ball, driving it into the goal.

"Magic Bubbles" In front of the child is a glass of water and a cocktail straw. For added interest, you can add any food coloring to the water. The baby blows into the straw, creating a storm of bubbles in the glass.

"Snowflake on the nose." A small cotton ball on the tip of the child’s nose acts as a snowflake. The task is to blow off the cotton wool with a stream of air with your mouth slightly open and the tip of the tongue attached to the upper lip.

Mispronunciation options

You can not pronounce R in different ways:

• A common option is when the sound is simply thrown out, for example, the baby says “yba” instead of “fish”.
• P can be replaced with sounds that are easier to pronounce: L, Y, V, Y, G.
• A child may pronounce P in a way that is uncharacteristic for the Russian language, for example, by grazing (in a throaty way) or as in English. This happens especially often in bilinguals who have spoken two languages ​​since childhood, in one of which the sound R is pronounced “not in Russian.”
• Sometimes children pronounce this sound alone normally, but have difficulty pronouncing words or syllables.