Technologies and methods of practical professional activity of a speech therapist teacher

Developmental technologies in speech therapy

The fundamentals of innovative technologies (IT) were developed in the middle of the last century. The innovations in the work of a speech therapist in 2022 are different; they have changed taking into account the needs of society and the children themselves. The possibilities of using IT in speech therapy are limited only by the imagination of the teacher and the financial capabilities of the educational institution. In budgetary organizations, speech therapists implement correctional tasks in fairy tale therapy, art therapy, the use of massage techniques and kinesiological exercises.

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Logorhythmic classes are aimed at the comprehensive development of the child, improving his speech, mastering motor skills, the ability to navigate the world around him, understanding the meaning of the proposed tasks, the ability to overcome difficulties, and express himself creatively. Daily performance of logorhythmic exercises of various nature at a certain time (morning respiratory-vocal exercises with movement, relaxation exercises, singing vowel sounds with movement, etc.) accustoms children to a health-improving regimen. Under the influence of regular logorhythmic exercises, a restructuring of various systems occurs in the body, for example, cardiovascular, respiratory, speech-motor, cognitive, etc. #development #child development #tutor #school preparation #school #childrenmoscow #childrenkazan #detiufa #childrenkrasnodar #childrenostov #childrensamara #logorhythmics #logorhythmicsforchildren

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Concept and practical significance of speech therapy technologies

Definition 1
Speech therapy technology is a set of various exercises, implemented in a certain sequence and aimed at eliminating or smoothing out various speech defects of a child.

Modern speech therapy is looking for new ways to correct a child’s speech defects and create conditions for the learning and development of children of different age groups and different levels of development.

As a rule, speech therapy deals with the correction of speech defects in children with special educational needs. At the same time, a speech defect can be either a primary deviation or a secondary one, which is a consequence of another dysfunction of the child’s body.

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Speech development is important for the normal learning and development of a child, his social formation, self-realization and self-affirmation. If a child does not have full speech, then he may have difficulties both in learning and in building communicative connections with peers, and this, in turn, leads to the development of mental problems, disharmony, and emotional disorders. Therefore, speech therapy plays an important role not only in the child’s speech development, but in his overall emotional, mental, and intellectual development.

Modern speech therapy is rich in a huge variety of both traditional and non-traditional technologies. Their use in speech therapy practice contributes to:

• Increasing attention, improving perception and memory.
• Increasing learning ability.
• Developing vision, hearing and reasoning skills.
• Eliminating behavioral problems and combating psychological difficulties.
• Improving motor functions of the body.
• Activation of speech activity.
• Relieving emotional stress.
• Formation of correct and meaningful reading skills.
• Development of social adaptation and its strengthening.

Finished works on a similar topic

Course work Speech therapy technologies 440 ₽ Abstract Speech therapy technologies 220 ₽ Examination Speech therapy technologies 210 ₽

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Speech function is the most important mental function of the body. It promotes the activation of cognitive activity, develops thinking and logic.

Note 1

Speech therapy as a science has important theoretical and practical significance, which is determined by the social essence of language, speech, and the relationship between speech development and thinking.

Kinesiological exercises

Kinesiology is the science of developing mental abilities and shaping physical health through a system of special exercises for the hands. Experts believe that most of the cerebral cortex is occupied by cells associated with the activities of the hands.

Kinesiological exercises will help the speech therapist work on developing the child’s thinking, memory, and attention at any stage of the work. The set of movements is selected taking into account the connection between the brain area and the body area and the individual characteristics of the child. These exercises are often recommended to be performed at home, since when performed daily, the technique will achieve better results.

Body-oriented techniques

The task of body-oriented techniques is to activate the necessary areas of the cerebral cortex to improve the health of the body through touching certain areas of the body. These new speech therapy correction methods were borrowed from psychotherapy.

Psychotherapists have found that touch can convey information to a person; it helps to feel better about one’s body, including the speech apparatus. By influencing the muscles, the speech therapist attracts internal resources for recovery. During classes, you can develop your child’s psychophysical relaxation skills to control their condition at home.

This method is used at the beginning of the lesson in order to set the child up for good work, as well as to attract the body’s internal resources to correct speech disorders.

Pronunciation correction technology

Eliminating incorrect speech pronunciation involves step-by-step speech therapy. It is implemented in the following sequence:

1. Preparatory work. It consists of preparing speech-sound and speech-hearing analyzers for corrective action, correct perception of sounds and correct pronunciation.
2. Sound production and its automation. The speech therapist uses exercises focused on the correct pronunciation of a specific sound and bringing the accuracy of its pronunciation in ordinary speech to automatism. In addition, here the formation of skills in distinguishing mixed sounds and their correct pronunciation, as well as correct use in speech, is realized.
3. Formation of communication skills. Various methods and technologies are used, aimed at developing skills in using a specific sound in speech and the ability to build successful communication connections.

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Coursework, abstracts or other works

Art therapy

Art therapy is a direction of speech therapy related to creativity. Speech therapists often use the drawing method: they ask children to depict various objects. The main goal of such an activity is to improve the child’s mental state by developing the ability to express himself. To relieve increased emotional tone, you are given the task of depicting your state using color, lines and shapes.

Using this method, you can solve other problems: consolidate the material covered on the topic, develop the ability to depict the characteristics of objects, and develop coherent speech.

Traditional and non-traditional speech therapy technologies

All technologies used in correctional speech therapy practice can be divided into two groups:

• Traditional technologies. This includes speech therapy technologies used in the correction of speech defects since the formation of defectology and speech therapy. These include: the technology of speech therapy examination, the technology of correcting sound pronunciation, the technology of staging speech breathing for various deviations in pronunciation, the technology of correcting voice pronunciation, the technology of staging intonation and tempo of speech, the technology of staging speech rhythms, the technology of forming the lexico-grammatical aspect of speech, the technology of conducting speech therapy massage.

  Figure 1. Traditional technologies. Author24 - online exchange of student work

• Modern technologies. They belong to non-traditional methods of corrective influence on speech. These include: hydromassage and hydro-gymnastics, neuropsychological technology, kinesiotherapy or speech correction with motor exercises, Sujok therapy or correction of speech defects through the use of seeds, herbal medicine or treatment with teas and herbs, breathing exercises, various massages, acupuncture, aromatherapy, music therapy, color therapy, treatment with sand, stones, dolls, fairy tales, technology of using models and symbols.

  Figure 2. Modern technologies. Author24 - online exchange of student work

Modern society actively uses a variety of multimedia tools and technologies in various areas of activity. Speech therapy is no exception. Any speech therapy technology can be supplemented with multimedia tools.

Speech therapy and finger massage

Speech therapy massage is an active method of mechanical influence. With its help, a speech therapist changes muscle tone, the condition of the nerves and blood vessels of the child’s speech apparatus. It is used in cases where there is increased or decreased muscle tension, leading to speech impairment.

Massage helps improve pronunciation of speech. It is important to use it in the initial stages of work. This method helps to develop in the child the ability to perform the movements necessary to pronounce sounds when he does not know how to perform them himself.

Children who are learning to write are often advised to massage their hands. Finger massage causes blood flow to the extremities, normalizes muscle tone, which will help the child master writing.

Speech therapy technologies in the system of general correctional work.

Speech therapy technologies in the system of general correctional work. Modern speech therapy is in a constant active search for ways to improve and optimize the process of learning and development of children at different age stages and in various educational conditions that are typical for children with special educational needs. At present, the question of each speech therapist’s possession of modern correctional technologies and techniques, their application in practical professional activities to solve the following pedagogical problems is particularly relevant:

— timely identification of students and pupils with speech disorders, studying the level of their speech development, determining the main directions and content of work with each of them; — prevention and elimination of violations of oral and written speech by methods, means of preventive and correctional pedagogical work that meet the needs and capabilities of the child; — organization of methodological activities aimed at optimizing speech therapy work within the educational process; — promoting the dissemination and implementation of achievements in the field of domestic and foreign speech therapy;

-consulting parents (persons replacing them) with children with speech impairments, and teachers in order to ensure the necessary level of their awareness of the tasks and specifics of speech therapy work;

The following technologies are used in professional activities. Technologies of differentiated learning.

The group of pedagogical technologies based on the effectiveness of management and organization of the educational process includes differentiated learning. An important aspect in the development of personality is the implementation of an individual and differentiated approach to students in the pedagogical process, since it is this that presupposes the early identification of children’s inclinations and abilities, the creation of conditions for personal development. The main goal of using level differentiation is to train everyone at the level of their capabilities and abilities, which makes it possible for each student to obtain the maximum knowledge according to his abilities and realize his personal potential. For each class, a separate plan of correctional and developmental work for the year is developed. Group lessons are combined with individual lessons aimed at correcting sound pronunciation defects. This technology makes it possible to make the educational process more effective, to see the student’s individuality and preserve it, to help the child believe in himself, and to ensure his maximum development. Technologies of speech therapy examination.

The purpose of a speech therapy examination is to determine the ways and means of correctional and developmental work and the possibilities of teaching a child based on identifying his immaturity or disorders in the speech sphere. Survey objectives:

— identifying the volume of speech skills;

- comparing it with age norms, with the level of mental development;

— determination of the relationship between the defect and the compensatory background of speech activity and other types of mental activity;

— analysis of the interaction between the process of mastering the sound side of speech, vocabulary and grammatical structure;

— determination of the ratio of impressive and expressive speech.

The examination is carried out in several stages:

a) study of the child’s anamnestic data (provides objective material for identifying the causes of violations, determining a pedagogical strategy);

b) study of the speech and mental level of development of the child;

c) analysis of the results obtained.

Types of diagnostics used in work:

— input diagnostics – carried out at the beginning of the school year in order to identify the initial parameters of children’s development;

— intermediate diagnostics – used in the middle of the school year to track the dynamics of the development of the most complex defects of students;

- final diagnostics – at the end of the school year in order to determine the effectiveness of correctional and developmental influence on children. Thus, a diagnostic study, on the one hand, makes it possible to conduct high-quality functional diagnostics and identify violations or immaturity of functional systems, including speech, and thereby approach the cause of difficulties, and on the other hand, comprehensive diagnostics helps to develop an effective, targeted strategy correction, determine special correctional teaching methods that can help in overcoming these difficulties. Sound pronunciation correction technologies.

Any speech disorder to one degree or another can affect the child’s activities and behavior. Children who speak poorly, beginning to realize their shortcomings, become silent, shy, and indecisive. The correct, clear pronunciation of sounds and words by children during the period of learning to read and write is especially important, since written speech is formed on the basis of oral speech and deficiencies in oral speech can lead to academic failure. During individual lessons, the following tasks are solved: - clarifying the pronunciation of sounds; - setting and consolidating missing sounds; — development of phonemic perception; — overcoming difficulties in reproducing words of different syllable structures; — consolidation of the studied lexical and grammatical structures. The use of this technology develops the necessary muscle movements for free use and control of parts of the articulatory apparatus, accuracy, purity, volume, smoothness of movements, the ability to hold a given pose while performing articulatory gymnastics exercises, which allows you to speed up the process of staging and introducing disturbed sounds into speech. When correcting deficiencies in sound pronunciation, the methods of T. B. Filicheva, G. V. Chirkina, V. I. Rozhdestvenskaya, M. F. Fomicheva, A. I. Bogomolova are used. Technologies for the formation of speech breathing in various disorders of the pronunciation aspect of speech.

The development of breathing is one of the first and very important stages of influence on children-speech therapists, regardless of the type of their speech defect. Strengthened, ordered breathing activity, revitalizing the entire body, improving metabolism, causing a healthy appetite and restful sleep, all of this has a strengthening effect on children. Children with speech impairments, as well as somatically weakened children, require training in the correct type of breathing with the help of special corrective physical exercises. When forming speech breathing in students, the method of A. N. Strelnikova is effective. The use of this technology allows children to learn the rules of using fluency in speech utterances, children with dysarthria to normalize their voice, intonation expressiveness of speech in general, and promotes correct programming of speech utterances. Speech therapy massage technologies.

Differentiated speech therapy massage is part of a comprehensive medical, psychological and pedagogical work aimed at correcting various speech disorders. Massage is used in speech therapy work with children with dyslalia, dysarthria, stuttering and voice disorders. With these forms of speech pathology (especially with dysarthria), massage is a necessary condition for effective speech therapy. Speech therapy massage is one of the speech therapy technologies, an active method of speech therapy intervention. Massage is used in cases where there are disturbances in the tone of the articulatory muscles. By changing the state of the muscles of the peripheral articulatory apparatus, massage ultimately indirectly helps to improve the pronunciation aspect of speech. Massage is used at all stages of correctional speech therapy, but its use is especially important in the initial stages of work. Technologies for the development of the lexical and grammatical aspects of speech.

One of the significant tasks in speech correction is the expansion and activation of vocabulary, work on the grammatical design of speech, because the poverty of vocabulary and syntactic structures, the presence of agrammatisms makes it difficult for students to master correct speech. Technologies for the development of coherent speech .

One of the main indicators of the level of development of a child’s mental abilities can be considered the richness of his speech. Therefore, it is important to support and ensure the development of students' mental and speech abilities. The formation of coherent speech is given one of the central places in correctional work, because Possession of a variety of coherent speech skills allows the child to fully communicate with peers and adults. Work on the development of coherent speech is carried out using the oral advance method, since it is necessary to teach children to coherently and consistently state the essence of the task being performed, answer questions in strict accordance with the instructions, using learned terminology, and compose a detailed statement about the sequence of completing the educational task. This type of work prepares children for free educational expression in the classroom. Entertaining speech material, various exercises, tasks with oral and written forms help in the formation of practical speech skills, develop attention, memory and thinking. Technologies for correcting writing disorders.

Written language disorders in children are a common speech disorder with a diverse and complex pathogenesis. Speech therapy work on writing correction has a differentiated nature, taking into account the mechanism of the disorder, its symptoms, the structure of the defect, and the psychological characteristics of the child. This technology contributes to: • the formation of the syllabic structure of a word; • development of language analysis and synthesis; • development of phonemic awareness; • development of phonemic and syllabic analysis and synthesis; • enrichment and systematization of vocabulary; • formation and consolidation of the rules of inflection and word formation; • elimination of agrammatisms in oral and written speech. The result of the work on correcting written speech can be considered an increase in the quality of writing and, as a result, an improvement in academic performance in basic subjects and the psycho-emotional state of Information Technology students.

The use of modern IT in speech correction classes contributes to the development of self-control in children, increases students’ motivation for educational activities, and significantly reduces the time for developing pronunciation skills. The use of ICT makes work easier, allows you to keep up with the times, makes it possible to significantly enrich and qualitatively update the correctional and developmental process in speech therapy classes and increase its effectiveness. Gaming technologies stimulate children to engage in learning activities, broaden their horizons, develop cognitive activity, form certain skills and abilities necessary in practical activities, arouse interest and the need for communication, and develop cognitive processes. Health-saving technologies.

The contingent of the groups consists of children with various psychophysiological characteristics and for them it is simply necessary to use health care. Health-saving technologies are a holistic system of educational, health, correctional and preventive measures that are aimed at preserving and promoting the health of students. The goal of health-saving educational teaching technologies is to provide the student with the opportunity to maintain health during the period of study at school, to develop in him the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for a healthy lifestyle. The main indicator that distinguishes health-saving educational technologies is regular express diagnostics of the students’ condition and tracking of the main parameters of the body’s development over time (beginning - end of the school year), which allows one to draw appropriate conclusions about the students’ health status. Non-traditional technologies for speech therapy: - music therapy is the effect of music on a person for therapeutic purposes. Emotions evoked by calm, relaxing music calm the nervous system, stimulate breathing and blood circulation, improve metabolism, which have a positive effect on the tone of the cerebral cortex and the psychological state of participants in the educational process. The goal of speech therapy sessions using music therapy is to create a positive emotional background for rehabilitation: - removing the anxiety factor; — stimulation of motor functions; — development and correction of sensory processes (sensations, perceptions, ideas) and sensory abilities; - disinhibition of speech function; - development of a sense of rhythm, tempo, time; - development of thinking abilities and imagination; — development of verbal and non-verbal communication skills; - normalization of the prosodic side of speech. Music therapy can be organized in individual and group forms. The use of music in correctional work helps prevent and treat neuropsychiatric diseases and improve the psycho-emotional state of children. — fairy tale therapy is a method that uses the fairy tale form to integrate the individual, develop creative abilities, expand consciousness, and improve interactions with the outside world. Children with speech impairments are quickly distracted, tired, and do not retain tasks in memory. Logical and temporal connections between objects and phenomena are not always accessible to children. It is these features of speech disorders that dictate the main goal of using fairy tale therapy techniques: the comprehensive, consistent development of children’s speech and related mental processes. For speech therapy work with children with speech disorders, the inclusion of elements of fairy tale therapy allows us to solve the following problems: • creating a communicative orientation of each word and statement of the child; • improvement of lexical and grammatical means of the language; • improving the sound side of speech in the sphere of pronunciation, perception and expressiveness; • development of dialogic and monologue speech; • relationship between visual, auditory and motor analyzers; • creating a favorable atmosphere in the classroom, improving the psycho-emotional state of children. Fairytale therapy develops activity, independence, creativity, emotionality, and coherent speech in children who are speech pathologists. In the atmosphere of a fairy tale, children relax, become open to the perception of reality, and show interest in performing various tasks. Thus, through the execution of a fairy tale and its storylines, many correctional problems are solved. This increases the effectiveness of speech therapy work by including an emotional component in educational material.

-sand therapy contributes to: -improving practical communication skills using verbal and non-verbal means; -enrichment of vocabulary; -development of coherent speech; -encouraging children to take active action and concentrate attention; -development of imagination and imaginative thinking. -mnemonics helps in the development of: -coherent speech; -associative thinking; -visual and auditory memory; -visual and auditory attention; - imagination; accelerating the process of automation and differentiation of delivered sounds. The essence of mnemonic schemes is as follows: for each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is created. Thus, the entire text is sketched schematically. Looking at these diagrams - drawings, the child easily reproduces textual information. -kinesiological exercises are a set of movements that allow you to activate interhemispheric interaction: they develop the corpus callosum, increase resistance to stress, improve mental activity, and help improve memory and attention. Exercises such as “Fist – rib – palm”, “Bunny – ring – chain”, “Bunny – goat – fork”, etc. Cryotherapy is one of the modern non-traditional methods of correctional pedagogy, which consists of using games with ice. The dosed effect of cold on the nerve endings of the fingers has beneficial properties. Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils and oil suspensions to improve human health. Smells control mood, calm an overexcited nervous system, and increase performance. - finger massage - massage with nuts, chestnuts; -massage with hexagonal pencils; - clothespin massage; - massage of the palm surfaces with stone, metal or glass balls - chromotherapy - the therapeutic effect of color on the human body. In addition to visual images, the eye performs the function of perceiving light energy and color effects. Changes in light and color modes can influence the functions of: - the autonomic nervous system; - endocrine glands and other body systems. Mastering educational technologies and teaching methods helps improve the efficiency and quality of speech therapy assistance for students with visual deprivation and concomitant pathology. The use of all of the above technologies invariably leads to increased efficiency of correctional work.