How to teach a child to distinguish sounds
Children perceive information best if it is presented in a playful way. Together with your child, come up with an interesting story that will help explain the complex relationship between hard and soft consonant sounds.
Once upon a time, hard and soft sounds lived together. There was no enmity or quarrel between them, until one day an ambitious group of vowels, which included E, Yo, Ya, Yu and I, wanted to gain power over everyone. A war began that lasted for many years. A, O, U, E and S remained neutral and preferred to stay away, because they could not take anyone’s side. The war dragged on, so the vowels decided to use cunning. They turned for help to a soft sign, which does not have its own sound at all, but loves to pit others against each other.
This harmful letter told the vowels about the place where the consonants were hidden, and in return demanded a number of privileges after the successful completion of the military campaign. As a result, the consonants were surrounded. A group of militant vowels gave them an ultimatum and those who agreed had to accept their terms. The war was lost and the winners celebrated their success with pomp.
A small group of vowels received undivided power. Now they determine whether the consonant sound will be soft or hard. The soft sign received exactly the same rights. Now he, too, can push around the vanquished. Although among those who agreed there were also those who did not want to put up with the circumstances. All the hissers, along with a couple of comrades-in-arms, did not raise the white flag and went to partisans in the forests. The compliant consonants now strictly obey the laws of the vowels, and a few rebels continue to carry out sabotage activities, although without much results.
This simple story clearly demonstrates the peculiarities of the relationship between vowels and consonants. The names of the rebels that we will mention later should be immediately blacklisted. They are still wanted by the vowels for their disobedience. A "Wanted" sign can be placed on the refrigerator or near your little student's desk.
This hint should be constantly in front of the child’s eyes. The remaining consonants, which submitted to the victors, are now forced to become either soft or hard depending on their neighbors. If they are followed by the vowels E, E, I, Yu, I or b, then they become soft because they lose their will in front of the winners. If another vowel (A, O, U, E or Y) or consonant lands on their tail, then they become firm, as they feel support.
Continue the sentence
There lives an Evil Green Steamboat in the rivers of Africa! No matter who swims towards him, he will swallow everyone... (crocodile).
Who will color our album? Well, of course... (pencil).
The kitten didn't want to wash. He ran away from ... (trough).
“I hit the green stuff!” - Crying bitterly... (crocodile).
The goldfinch sings all day long in a cage on the window. He is in his third year, and he is afraid of... (cats).
I’m growing to everyone’s surprise, tall, slender, beautiful. I hide golden cobs in light gloves. I may not be sweeter than a watermelon, but more satisfying. I... (corn).
What's that creak, what's that crunch? What kind of bush is this? How can I be without crunch, If I... (cabbage).
Round, crumbly, white, it came to the table from the fields. Salt it a little. After all, the truth is delicious... (potatoes)?
I'm rushing forward like a bullet, only the ice creaks, and the lights flash! Who is carrying me?... (Skates.)
This animal lives only at home. Everyone is familiar with this beast. He has a mustache like knitting needles. He sings a purring song, Only the mouse is afraid of him... Did you guess it? It's a cat).
At night, Vanyatka inside me falls asleep so sweetly that I don’t want to get up. What kind of thing am I? … (Bed)
Activity: Print the letter K for preschoolers
Examine the letter K. Sew the letter K in the air and once in the notebook, carefully in the cells with a simple pencil or ballpoint pen.
In cases where the child is asked to write a whole line of a letter, syllable or word, the adult gives a writing sample at the beginning of the line. If a preschooler has difficulties, then an adult can draw two approximate lines, or put reference points that the child will connect with lines, or write the entire letters, and the child will simply circle them in a different color. Calligraphy should not be required at this stage of training.
Print
Riddles for children starting with the letter K
On the sea, in rivers and lakes I swim, agile, fast. Among warships, it is known for its lightness. (Boat)
Yes, guys, I have two silver horses. I drive both at once. What kind of horses do I have? (Skates)
Eyes, mustache, tail, And he washes himself cleaner than anyone else. (Cat)
Oh, don’t touch me, I’ll burn you even without fire. (Nettle)
Angry as a she-wolf, Burns like mustard! What a miracle? This is... (nettle)
Quick jump, warm fluff, Red Eye. (Rabbit)
He made a hole, dug a hole, the sun is shining, but he doesn’t know. (Mole)
Low and prickly. It’s sweet and fragrant, if you pick the berries, you’ll rip off your whole hand. (Gooseberry)
I received these miracle bricks as a gift. Whatever I put together, I break. I'm starting all over again. (Cubes)
A violinist lives in a meadow, wears a tailcoat and gallops. (Grasshopper)
On New Year's Eve he came to the house such a ruddy fat man, but every day he lost weight and finally disappeared completely. (Calendar)
The river is flowing - we are lying. Ice on the river - we are running. (Skates)
Up and down, up and down. If you want to ride, sit on us. (Swing)
She is motley, eats green, gives white. (Cow)
The child is wrapped in a hundred swaddling clothes. (Cabbage)
I have a magic wand, friends. With this stick I can build: A tower, a house and an airplane And a huge steamship! (Pencil)
There are seas - you can’t swim, There are roads - you can’t drive, There is land - you can’t plow. What is this? (Geographical map)
On a deer, on a horse It’s good for me to ride! Not on the tundra, not on the meadow - I’m driving in a miracle circle. I'm jumping, I'm flying, I'm laughing in delight! (Carousel)
The colorful sisters are bored without water. Uncle, long and thin, carries water with his beard. And the sisters together with him will draw a house and smoke. (Brush and paints)
There is a house on a straw, a hundred children in it. (Spikelet)
Not an animal, not a bird, A sock like a knitting needle, When it flies, it screams, When it sits, it is silent. (Mosquito)
The ship is sailing in the yellow sea. He walks, cuts the wave, grain flows from the pipe. (Harvester)
They sealed it with glue firmly and sent it to me urgently. I won’t regret it: I’ll get it and put it up in no time. (Envelope)
Tale about the letter K
How to cook compote
In one yard there lived a cat, a goat, a chicken, a cow and a rabbit. One day a cat came out into the yard and shouted:
- Listen, everyone! I read in an old book how to cook compote! - Well, how to cook it? - Everyone bring everything delicious, the rest is up to me.
The whole company went to look for the most delicious things, and meanwhile the cat lit a fire and hung a cauldron of water over it. The goat came first and brought a cabbage stalk. Then the hen came and brought five grains of corn. The cow brought watermelon rinds, the rabbit brought clover, and the cat himself took a piece of sausage out of his pocket. When the water boiled, the cat threw the stalk, peels, corn, clover and sausage into the cauldron and closed the lid.
After a while he rang the bell:
- Ready! Eat for your health.
Friends tried it, they spit:
- It's called compote! Eat it yourself! - Why did it turn out so tasteless? — the cat thought gloomily.
(G. Yudin)
Preparing for literacy training “Introduction to the sounds [g], [g'] and the letter G”
Organized educational activities in a preparatory group for school: Preparation for teaching literacy “Sounds [g], [g
'
].
Letter G." Prepared by: Somova N.N.
Tasks:
- introduce children to the sounds [g] and [g'],
- to develop the ability to differentiate the sounds [g] and [g'] by hardness - softness,
determine the place of new sounds in words;
- introduce the image of the letter G;
- develop phonemic awareness, attention, coherent speech, logical thinking, and the ability to work in a team;
— to cultivate interest in learning literacy and reading, a sense of camaraderie, independence, and discipline.
MOVE GCD
1.
Organizational moment ( game situation to stimulate interest and emotional mood).
- Guys, now we will go to the magical land of sounds and letters. Who lives in that country? (sounds and letters)
-How do sounds differ from letters? (We hear and pronounce sounds, and we see, read and write letters).
- What are we going to do in this country? (Get to know new sounds, letters and play with them).
- But what sounds we will get acquainted with today, riddles will tell you. Guessing words begin with new sounds.
The invisible giant is beating a drum in the sky. (thunder)
What kind of miracles are these? In the forest we hear voices, the guys are sitting around the fire, singing and looking at her. To make it suddenly sound, first pluck the string. And there are seven or six strings, We cannot count its merits. It’s easy for everyone to sing to it, Tell me, what’s its name?.. (Guitar)
- What sounds will we get acquainted with today? ([g], [g'])
“Close your eyes and I’ll say the magic words.” And we will find ourselves in a magical land of sounds and letters.
2. Acquaintance with the sounds
[g ], [g
'
] (characterization of sounds using a diagram)
- Open your eyes.
- Say: “G.” What is the sound [g], consonant or vowel? (consonant) Why? (not sung) Voiced or voiceless? (voiced, it is pronounced loudly, sonorously and does not make noise) Hard or soft? (solid)
— Do you think the sound [g] has a sibling? (yes, sound [g'])
- Say the sound [g']. Tell me what is he like? (consonant, voiced, soft)
3.
Games to develop auditory attention.
1) Game “Signalers”.
- Can you tell the brothers [g] and [g'] apart from each other?
- I will make sounds, and you will light the lights.
- Now, on the contrary, I light a light, and the one I point to pronounces the sound [g] or [g'].
- Look, you still have a red light. Why wasn't it lit? ([g] and [g'] are consonant sounds, and the red light indicates a vowel sound)
2) Game “Zvukoezhka”.
— The sound-eater flew in, and he ate the sounds in the words.
- I will pronounce the word without the first sound, and you will pronounce it correctly.
…rusha (pear), ..nom, …truck, …rose
..Irya, ....Ilsa, ...Eroy, ..newspaper, ...Rome, ..relief, ...tray
- What sounds did the Sound Eater eat? ([g], [g']).
3) Game “Sound nesting dolls”.
“We’ve learned to tell brothers apart, so we can play.” Close your eyes.
(the teacher places the “Sound Apple Tree” and “Sound Matryoshka Dolls” on the board; on the “apples” are drawn a tiger, a hippopotamus, a dove, geese, a nest, skittles, books, a pear, a rainbow, hats)
-We will pick apples and treat the Matryoshka dolls.
— Do the Matryoshkas eat all the apples? (No, the blue nesting doll is apples with a picture in the name of which there is the sound [g], the green one is with the sound [g']).
- On the cards, mark the place of the sound in the word with a blue or green apple.
- Nest. Which nesting doll is this apple for? (for blue, there is a sound [g], it is hard, the first in the word)
- Hippopotamus. Which nesting doll is this apple for? (for green, there is a sound [g'], it is soft, located in the middle of the word)
Working with other pictures.
- Which nesting doll will eat an apple with caps? (None, because in the word “caps” there are no sounds [g], [g']).
Physical education minute
Conducted by a child.
4. Introducing the letter G.
- Brothers G and G have the same mother - the letter G. Here she is. This is the letter G.
-What does the letter G look like?
He carried the letter on his shoulder,
I was mowing the grass in the meadow.
— Why is the letter G painted blue and green?
5. Fixing the image of a new letter.
Game “Collect a letter” (four envelopes, each containing the letter G cut into several parts)
- Look! Sounds and letters have prepared a surprise for us. Let's look into the envelopes. Are there any pieces here? What do you think this is?
Children are divided into four groups and collect letters.
6. Speech games.
1) Game “Say the opposite”
- Let’s play the game “Say the other way around”, but today there will be one rule - in all words the first sound is [g]: quiet, cheerful, sweet, liquid, clean, rough, tender.
2) Game “Finish the sentence”
- I’ll start a sentence, and you finish with a word whose first sound is [g] or [g'].
Galya has blue... (eyes).
... (carnations) grew in the flowerbed.
The potter sculpted from clay... (pot)
Thunder rumbles during ... (thunderstorm).
In the meadow they cackle... (geese).
7. Summary. Reflection.
“Now it’s time for us to go back to kindergarten.” Close your eyes. I will say the magic words.
– What sounds did we encounter during our journey? How are they similar? What is the difference?
- Why did we learn to distinguish sounds, get acquainted with the letter G? Where will you use this knowledge later? (read correctly, write correctly)
-What did you like best? What was difficult?
